A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of isocyanates in air

Schmidtke, F.; Seifert, Birgit

doi:10.1007/bf00331409

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The release of monomeric MDI, even during the production process, is very slight. Through highly sensitive analytical methods at the workplace, SCHMIDTKE and SEIFERT [98] were able to prove the existence of MDI concentrations at a maximum of 2500 ng/m 3 . With freshly prepared wood-based panels, no subsequent emission of MDI could be proven [99].…”

Section: Emission Of Adhesives During Productionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Wood-Based Materials

Kasal

Friebel

Gunschera

et al. 2015

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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Section: Emission Of Adhesives During Productionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Wood-Based Materials

Kasal

Friebel

Gunschera

et al. 2015

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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“…Because legislation in many countries nowadays requires estimation of TRIG and, as for most industrially used oligomeric isocyanates, there are no standards available, most methods cannot be used for quantification of total isocyanate groups. In MDHS 25/3 these oligomers are quantified by use of an electrochemical detector, which oxidizes the methoxy group on the 2-MP reagent, thus giving a signal independent of the analyte backbone [75,112,113]. Quantification of oligomeric isocyanates can, therefore, be based on the use of the corresponding monomer, e.g.…”

Section: -(N-methylaminomethyl)anthracene (Mama)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaporation of the solvent during sampling is a source of major concern. Most personal sampling methods therefore rely on use of solvent-free systems, for example impregnated filters [97,107,118,119,162,164] or reagent-coated adsorbent tubes [113,147]. Occasionally, however, especially in fast-curing environments, use of impingers may be necessary to guarantee complete derivatization.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of airborne isocyanates

2006

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Isocyanates are important in industrial hygiene and workplace monitoring. Owing to their severe acute toxicity and sensitizing properties, analytical methods with high sampling efficiency and sensitivity in the low ppb to ppt range are required. The reactivity of isocyanates necessitates initial derivatization with nucleophilic agents--usually amines--for stabilization and enrichment; this is often followed by chromatographic separation with spectroscopic, electrochemical, or mass spectrometric detection. Sampling strategies for airborne isocyanates comprise active, i.e. pumped, or passive, i.e. diffusive, methods; the method selected depends on the application. Whereas active methods rely mainly on impingers, reagent-coated filters, or sampling tubes, passive samplers make use of reagent-coated filters, the surface of which is connected to the air sample by diffusion channels. Because airborne isocyanates are prone to occur in different forms, i.e. as vapors, as aerosols, or adsorbed on particulate matter, denuder sampling has been introduced, thus enabling simultaneous collection of gaseous and aerosol isocyanates. The first part of this review summarizes chemical methods and reagents which have been introduced for derivatization of airborne isocyanates. The advantages and drawbacks of the individual derivatization procedures and their combination with different detection principles are evaluated. In the second part, the most recent developments in air sampling for isocyanates, with special focus on diffusive sampling, are reviewed and critically discussed.

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“…Bei der Simulation einer Wohnraumsituation mit mindestens drei Monate alten PMDI-gebundenen Spanplatten konnte bei einer Nachweisgrenze von 0,1 µg/m 3 keine MDI-Emission festgestellt werden (Kehl 1990). Messungen an frisch gepreßten Spanplatten in einer 20 Liter Prüfkammer mit einer Belegung von 5 m 2 /m 3 ergaben eine MDI Konzentration von 0,01 µg/m 3 (Schmidtke, Seifert 1990), während bei zwei Stunden alten Platten auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen (60 °C) keine MDI-Abgabe festgestellt wurde (Marutzky, Menzel 1985). Von baubiologischer Seite jedoch werden immer wieder Vermutungen geäußert, daß Emissionen aus ungebundenen Isocyanaten aus Platten abgegeben und eine Gesundheitsgefahr für die Raumbenutzer darstellen (z.B.…”

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Methode zur Bestimmung der Emission von Diphenylmethan-4,4′-diisocyanat (MDI) aus isocyanatgebundenen Holzwerkstoffen

Mattrel

Richter

1995

Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff

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Es wird ein Analysenverfahren vorgestellt mit dem Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat (MDI)und 4,4' -Diamino-diphenylmethan (MDA)-Emissionen aus Isocyanatklebstoffen gemeinsam als MDA erfaßt und mittels HPLC quantitativ bestimmt werden können. Die Methode erlaubt gegenüber bisherigen, meist photometrischen Bestimmungen eine vollständigere und verfeinerte Ansprache möglicher Isocyanatemissionen. Die praktische Anwendung der Analytik auf in Prüfzellen exponierte isocyanathaltige Produkte (Spanplatten, frische Klebstofffläche) unter "worst-case" -Bedingungen ergab keine bzw. eine nur im Bereich der Nachweisgrenze liegende, kurzzeitige MDI/MDA-Emission. Damit werden bisherige wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse untermauert, die Isocyanatemissionen sowohl für die Verarbeitung als auch für die Verwendung von polyurethanverklebten Holzprodukten und Holzwerkstoffen ausschliessen. Method for the determination of 4,4' -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDl)-emissions from diisocyanate-bonded wood productsA method for the determination of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) in air is presented. The air sample is drawn through an impinger containing diluted hydrochloric acid as absorption solution. MDI hydrolyzes quantitatively to MDA and is determined together with MDA absorbed from the air by high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. MD A was included in the analysis because of its carcenogenic potency and to avoid an eventual loss of MDI due to hydrolysis during exposure and sampling. The method is sensitive (detection limit ca. 0.5 µg MDI/MDA/m 3 ) and specific; other diisocyanates as tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), tolylene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), respectively the corresponding diamines, do not interfere. MDI-bonded particleboard and a polymeric MDI adhesive were exposed in a test chamber under worst case-conditions (particleboard: high surface/air volume ratio (2 m 2 /m 3 ) without air exchange; adhesive: large open surface in a small test chamber (0.16 m 2 /0.0l m 3 ), thick adhesive layer (600 g/m 2) and sampling start immediately after spreading). No MDI/MDA-emission was found in the case of particleboard. During the first two hours of exposure the adhesive emitted a very low amount of MDI/MDA near the detection limit.

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A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of isocyanates in air

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Wood-Based Materials

Wood-Based Materials

Determination of airborne isocyanates

Methode zur Bestimmung der Emission von Diphenylmethan-4,4′-diisocyanat (MDI) aus isocyanatgebundenen Holzwerkstoffen

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