A histologic comparison of the functional loading capacity of an occluded dense apatite implant and the natural dentition

The effects of off-axial loading on periimplant marginal bone loss in a single implant

“…In dog studies, mechanical stress was shown to lead to bone remodeling and thickening. 24,38 Melsen and Lang 39 also supported this theory. The magnitude of the force necessary to cause periimplant marginal bone loss in a normal clinical environment has not been established.…”

“…24 Several controversial studies exist about the correlation between periimplant marginal bone loss and overloading, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and FEA is different from clinical study because of a various uncontrolled variable such as load bearing capacity of bone. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Therefore, a controlled clinical study is necessary.…”

Bone reactions to longstanding functional load at implants: an experimental study in dogs

“…The design of the prosthetic device including horizontal occlusal planes and the preserved vertical dimension provided an axial load to the implants. This model therefore differs from models used in similar experiments on occlusal load to implants in monkeys (Ogiso et al 1994, Isidor 1996, 1997, Miyata et al 1998, 2000) and dogs (Barbier & Schepers 1997, Heitz‐Mayfield et al 2004). Ogiso et al (1994) analysed the effect of enhanced occlusal, axial loading to dense apatite implants in six monkeys.…”

Influence of occlusal loading on peri-implant clinical parameters. A pilot study

“…While some animal studies (4-6) have associated excessive occlusal loading with peri-implant bone loss in absence of gingival inflammation, others have shown that occlusal stress does not cause peri-implant bone loss in absence (7-10) or absence (11) of gingival inflammation. The association remains unclear due, in part, to the lack of scientific evidence gleaned from human studies (12).…”