A historical overview of analysis systems for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins

Gu, Jiangjiang; Ye, Ranfeng; Xu, Yiduo; Yin, Yashi; Li, Shengqing; Chen, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.106137

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The evaluation of the presence and levels of Bt Cry proteins in environmental and GM crop samples is a prerequisite for the study of the fate and risk of Bt Cry proteins in the ecosystem . The complex matrix and low abundance of Bt Cry proteins in these samples, however, pose great challenge for their extraction, separation, enrichment, and detection . Although several analytical methods have been developed, the traditional liquid–liquid extraction combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is still a current gold standard for qualification and quantification of the residual Bt Cry proteins in complicated environmental and biological samples .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 The complex matrix and low abundance of Bt Cry proteins in these samples, however, pose great challenge for their extraction, separation, enrichment, and detection. 38 Although several analytical methods have been developed, the traditional liquid−liquid extraction combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is still a current gold standard for qualification and quantification of the residual Bt Cry proteins in complicated environmental and biological samples. 39 The poor extraction efficiency and weak selectivity, however, frequently leads to detection errors, even false-negative and false-positive results.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abiotic Synthetic Antibodies to Target a Specific Protein Domain and Inhibit Its Function

Cheng

Xiong

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins are widely used in insect pest control. Despite their economic benefits, remaining concerns over potential ecological and health risks warrant their ongoing surveillance. Affinity reagents, most often antibodies, protein scaffolds, and aptamers, are the traditional tools used for protein binding and detection. We report a synthetic antibody (SA) alternative to traditional biological affinity reagents for binding Bt Cry proteins. Analysis of hotspots of the Bt Cry protein–insect midgut cadherin-like receptor complexes was used for the design of the SA. The SA was selected from a small focused library of hydrogel copolymers containing functional monomers complementary to key exposed hotspots of Bt Cry proteins. A directed chemical evolution identified a SA, APhe-NP23, with affinity and selectivity for Bt Cry1Ab/Ac proteins. The putative intermolecular polymer–protein interfaces were identified by the SA’s uptake of Bt Cry1Ac pepsin hydrolysates, binding epitope mutation studies, and protein–protein inhibition studies of the toxin binding to its native insect receptor binding domains. The SA inhibitor binds to the same protein domains as the insect’s cadherin-like receptors, Bt-R1 and SeCad1b. The SA binds rapidly to Bt Cry1Ab/Ac with high capacity, is pH-responsive, and is synthesized reproducibly. We believe that a hotspot-directed approach is general for creation of abiotic protein affinity reagents that target functional protein domains. Affinity ligands are typically high-information content biologicals. Their structure and function are determined from their amino acid or oligo sequence. In contract, the SA described in this work is a statistical copolymer that lacks sequence specificity. These results are an important contribution to the concept that randomness and biospecificity are not mutually exclusive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%