A History of Human Exploitation of Alpine Regions

Walsh, Kevin; Giguet-Covex, Charline

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.11908-6

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The metabarcoding approach applied to a high-altitude lake sediment record in the Alps revealed the first history of livestock compositional dynamics, including Bos (cow), Ovis (sheep), and Equus (horse/donkey) [31]. Other studies of lakes in the northwestern Alps have similarly provided new detailed insights into the temporal patterns of pastoral ac-tivities and changes in livestock species composition, especially during the Medieval Period [58][59][60][61]. Even in the very remote site of Kerguelen Island, an ongoing rabbit invasion could be successfully traced using sedaDNA, elucidating the impact that the invasion had on plant community and landscape erosion [35].…”

Section: Sedadna To Detect Human and Animal Presence In The Lake Catcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Sedimentary DNA Research on Past Terrestrial and Aquatic Biodiversity: Overview and Recommendations

et al. 2021

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The use of lake sedimentary DNA to track the long-term changes in both terrestrial and aquatic biota is a rapidly advancing field in paleoecological research. Although largely applied nowadays, knowledge gaps remain in this field and there is therefore still research to be conducted to ensure the reliability of the sedimentary DNA signal. Building on the most recent literature and seven original case studies, we synthesize the state-of-the-art analytical procedures for effective sampling, extraction, amplification, quantification and/or generation of DNA inventories from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) via high-throughput sequencing technologies. We provide recommendations based on current knowledge and best practises.

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Section: Sedadna To Detect Human and Animal Presence In The Lake Catcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Sedimentary DNA Research on Past Terrestrial and Aquatic Biodiversity: Overview and Recommendations

et al. 2021

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“…Agricultural growth is responsible for approximately 80% of worldwide deforestation, with infrastructure improvements such as roads and dams, as well as mining and urbanization, accounting for the remaining sources of deforestation [25]. Forest removal, as well as accompanying grazing and mining activities, has increased erosion and landslides in the Dolomites, the Maritime Alps, and the south-central Italian Alps [26]. According to the mining businesses, individual miners remove significant sections of forest in Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact on Forest and Vegetation Due to Human Interventions

Bhatt¹

2023

Environmental Sciences

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Forest and vegetation play an important role in balancing ecosystem patterns, providing food security, and blessing the environment for living beings, so the status of global forests and biodiversity, their impact and change overtime with climatic effects and challenges is important. This study’s methods include a review of global forest cover and status; distribution, and assessment; biodiversity, forest carbon assessment; causes of forest loss; and the impacts and implications of CO2 emissions. Forests encompass 31% of the world’s forests, are home to 2 million to 1 trillion species, and provide habitat for 80% of amphibian species, 75% of bird species, 68% of mammalian species, and so on. Deforestation is the major cause of forest loss, with a decrease of 4.7 million ha. From 2010 to 2020, only in the Asia Pacific region and from 2000 to 2010, 13 million ha of world forests were lost. All flora, fauna, and microbes are slowly degrading and disappearing due to human activities such as deforestation, intensive use, inappropriate forest management, agriculture, encroachment of forest land, slash burn practices, forest fires, urbanization, overharvesting, environmental deterioration, etc. Because the globe has emitted over 1.5 trillion tonnes of CO2 since 1751, the persistence of biodiversity in human-modified habitats is crucial for conservation and the provision of ecosystem services.

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“…Humans have modi ed the alpine landscapes since the Mesolithic, ca. 10 ka (1 ka = 1,000 yr ago), by clearing small areas of forest to attract prey for hunting 15,16 while the introduction of agropastoral activities during the Neolithic (ca. 7 ka) drove a downward shift of alpine treelines [15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 ka (1 ka = 1,000 yr ago), by clearing small areas of forest to attract prey for hunting 15,16 while the introduction of agropastoral activities during the Neolithic (ca. 7 ka) drove a downward shift of alpine treelines [15][16][17][18] . Human-environment interactions in forested and open vegetation types such as the Subalpine zone led to a mosaic of different habitats that include species-rich meadows 2,9,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 ka) drove a downward shift of alpine treelines [15][16][17][18] . Human-environment interactions in forested and open vegetation types such as the Subalpine zone led to a mosaic of different habitats that include species-rich meadows 2,9,16 . As a result, future changes in land use might imply a reduction in biodiversity of subalpine and alpine landscapes 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant biodiversity is a result of human land use

Garcés-Pastor¹,

Coissac²,

Lavergne³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Alpine areas are well known biodiversity hotspots, but their future may be threatened by expanding forest and changing human land use. Here, we reconstructed past vegetation, climate, and livestock over the past ~ 12,000 years from Lake Sulsseewli (European Alps), based on sedimentary ancient DNA, pollen, spores, chironomids, and microcharcoal. We assembled a highly-complete local DNA reference library (PhyloAlps, 3,923 plant species), and used this to obtain an exceptionally rich sedaDNA record of 366 plant taxa. The vegetation mainly responded to temperature during the first half of the Holocene, while human activity drove changes from 6 ka onwards. Land-use shifted from episodic grazing (Neolithic, Bronze Age) to agropastoral intensification (Medieval Age). This prompted a coexistence of species typically found at different elevational belts, thereby increasing plant richness to levels that characterise present-day alpine diversity. Our results indicate that traditional agropastoral activities should be maintained to prevent reforestation and preserve alpine plant biodiversity.

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A History of Human Exploitation of Alpine Regions

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

Lake Sedimentary DNA Research on Past Terrestrial and Aquatic Biodiversity: Overview and Recommendations

Lake Sedimentary DNA Research on Past Terrestrial and Aquatic Biodiversity: Overview and Recommendations

Impact on Forest and Vegetation Due to Human Interventions

High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant biodiversity is a result of human land use

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