“…Whilst GIS functionalities in the form of basic mapping of facility locations are increasingly used to help inform decision-making processes surrounding the planning of public services, library authorities are not routinely using the types of network-based accessibility techniques developed in this paper as part of their impact assessments. This is despite the welldocumented use of spatial approaches in the academic literature relating to the wider aspects of library provision including, for example, assessing initial siting decisions, analysis of branch locations, facilities management, monitoring trends in library utilisation and the delineation and analysis of library service areas (Bishop, 2008;Bishop and Mandel, 2010;Donnelly, 2014;Hertel and Sprague, 2007;Koontz, 1997Koontz, , 2007Ottensmann, 1997;Sin, 2011). Previous studies have shown how GIS can be used to optimise sites for new library facilities (Lim and Park, 2015) or tailor the opening hours of facilities to the demographic characteristics of those living or working in specified catchment areas (Adkins and Sturges, 2004).…”