A Hitch‐Hiker's Guide to Parasitism: The Chemical Ecology of Phoretic Insect Parasitoids

Huigens, Martinus E.; Fatouros, Nina E.

doi:10.1002/9781118409589.ch5

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Attraction of Trichogramma wasps to synthetic sex pheromone blends of moths has been shown in a number of studies over the past 40 years (see Fatouros et al , and references therein) (Lewis et al , ; Nordlund et al , ; Reddy et al , ). Chemical espionage and subsequent hitchhiking by parasitic wasps has also been found with some other butterflies (Fatouros & Huigens, ; Huigens & Fatouros, ), as well as with a few moths (Tabata & Tamanuki, ; Arakaki et al , , ). Even though moths call at night, their pheromone may adsorb onto host plants, so that Trichogramma wasps could use these cues during the day to home in on the female moths (Noldus et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Differential response of Trichogramma wasps to extreme sex pheromone types of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

Huigens

Orr

et al. 2014

Ecological Entomology

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1. Chemical espionage in nature may occur when predators or parasitoids home in on animal or plant communication signals. Parasitoid wasps are known to use pheromones emitted by adults hosts to locate host eggs, larvae or pupae. The response of Trichogramma egg parasitoids to a synthetic sex pheromone blend of moths has been shown in a number of studies over the past 40 years.2. Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) is a tiny parasitic wasp, attacking the eggs of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). This study investigated whether T. pretiosum homes in on the sex pheromone of H. virescens at close range. The arrestment response of the wasps to sex pheromone gland extracts of two types of female moths, so-called high and low females, was also tested, referring to two selected extreme pheromone types of H. virescens. The study also investigated whether the wasps would mount females, possibly to hitchhike with them.3. The wasps were arrested by the common, 'low' pheromone, but not by the rare, 'high' pheromone or by extracts from male hairpencils. The wasps did not show a preference for separate sex pheromone compounds, but when pre-exposed to the major sex pheromone component of H. virescens before the tests together with H. virescens eggs, they did show a preference, indicating learning behaviour. In the mounting experiments, mated females were mounted significantly more than virgin females or males, suggesting that hitchhiking is a strategy used by these wasps to locate moth eggs.4. This represents the first study to show a differential response of parasitoid wasps to two different sex pheromone types in a single host species. The results warrant further investigations into the potential role of parasitic wasps in the evolution of sexual communication in moths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In moths, females attract males from a distance through a volatile species‐specific sex pheromone (e.g. Cardé & Haynes, ; see also http://www.Pherobase.com), which sets the stage for chemical espionage (Huigens & Fatouros, ), i.e. predators and/or parasitoids may home in on these signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential response of Trichogramma wasps to extreme sex pheromone types of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

Huigens

Orr

et al. 2014

Ecological Entomology

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“…For example, some wasps spy on the anti-aphrodisiac pheromone emitted by mated female Pierid butterflies and hitch a ride on the latter to oviposition sites. Such a chemical-espionage-and-ride strategy has been shown to be used also by other egg parasitoid species (Fatouros et al 2005; Huigens et al 2010; Fatouros and Huigens 2012; Huigens and Fatouros 2013). Anti-aphrodisiac pheromones were also identified in 11 Heliconius species (Estrada et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and biology of two new egg parasitoid species, Trichogramma chagres and T. soberania (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared from eggs of Heliconiini butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) collected in Panama

Woelke

Viktor

Gumovsky

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Two new minute egg parasitoid wasp species belonging to the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), T. chagres sp. nov. and T. soberania sp. nov., were found in a tropical lowland rainforest in Panama, Central America. In this paper, we describe, illustrate and discuss the biology, morphological and molecular characterization of the two new Trichogramma wasp species. Both species were collected from eggs of passion vine butterflies, Agraulis vanillae vanillae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) and unidentified Heliconiini species, laid on different Passiflora species (Malpighiales: Passifloraceae). A female T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was noted on the wings of a female Heliconius hecale melicerta butterfly caught in the wild. This suggests that this species may occasionally hitch a ride on adult female butterflies to find suitable host eggs. Our study adds two more species identifications to the scarce record of Trichogramma wasps from the widespread Heliconiini butterflies in Central America.

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“…those induced by host egg deposition) (for a review, see Fatouros, Dicke, Mumm, Meiners, & Hilker, 2008). Although the wasps may find lepidopteran host eggs mainly by walking and flying short distances within a host habitat, some species may also hitch-hike with adult butterflies and moths to disperse over longer distances and/or to obtain immediate access to freshly laid host eggs Fatouros, Huigens, van Loon, Dicke, & Hilker, 2005;Huigens & Fatouros, 2013;Huigens et al, 2009Huigens et al, , 2010. We expect that this phoretic behaviour may also occur at low temperatures at night.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We, however, also expect occasional parasitism of eggs of nocturnal host species in the dark during relatively warm summer nights, for example, shortly after sunset or just before sunrise. Such could, for example, occur after a hitch-hiking experience with a nocturnal female moth Huigens & Fatouros, 2013). To investigate whether the ability of parasitism in the dark is wasp species-specific, we investigated different strains of T. brassicae and the closely related T. evanescens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal parasitism of moth eggs byTrichogrammawasps

Woelke

Bukovinszky

Huigens

2017

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Parasitoid wasps of the genus Trichogramma are used worldwide as biological control agents against lepidopteran pests. Trichogramma wasps develop inside eggs of a wide range of host species, most of them moths. They are generally considered as diurnal insects. Here, we investigated whether Trichogramma wasps can also successfully parasitise host eggs at night under controlled laboratory conditions. Eggs of the moth Ephestia kuehniella were offered under dark conditions (scotophase) to females of Trichogramma brassicae and

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A Hitch‐Hiker's Guide to Parasitism: The Chemical Ecology of Phoretic Insect Parasitoids

Cited by 13 publications

References 101 publications

Differential response of Trichogramma wasps to extreme sex pheromone types of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

Differential response of Trichogramma wasps to extreme sex pheromone types of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

Description and biology of two new egg parasitoid species, Trichogramma chagres and T. soberania (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared from eggs of Heliconiini butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) collected in Panama

Nocturnal parasitism of moth eggs byTrichogrammawasps

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