A holistic aging model for Li(NiMnCo)O2 based 18650 lithium-ion batteries

Schmalstieg, Johannes; Käbitz, Stefan; Ecker, Madeleine; Sauer, Dirk Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.012

Cited by 577 publications

(442 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…6,[11][12][13] The cycling performance and stability of a battery is of utmost importance and in commercial use capacity is sacrificed to achieve this. 14,15 Cycle stability and good battery-lifetime are achieved industrially through constraints on the cycle depth, 14,15 ensuring structural stability at the expense of capacity, where constraint of the discharge to 40% is commonplace. Whilst stabilizing the bulk of the cathode, this approach does not prevent cathode destabilization as a result of local clusters of fully-transformed material, with the macroscopic lithiation mechanism a significant influence on this.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li_1+xMO₂(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Pang

Kalluri

Peterson

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The development of cathode materials with high capacity and cycle stability is essential to emerging electricvehicle technologies, however, of serious environmental concern is that materials with these properties developed so far contain the toxic and expensive Co. We report here the Li-rich, Co-free Li1+xMO2 (M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode material, prepared via a template-free, one-step wet-chemical method followed by conventional annealing in an oxygen atmosphere. The cathode has an unprecedented level of cation mixing, where the electrochemically-active component contains four elements at the transition-metal (3a) site and 20% Ni at the active Li site (3b). We find Ni2+/Ni3+/Ni4+ to be the active redox-center of the cathode with lithiation/delithiation occurring via a solid-solution reaction where the lattice responds approximately linearly with cycling, differing to that observed for iso-structural commercial cathodes with a lower level of cation mixing. The composite cathode has ∼75% active material and delivers an initial dischargecapacity of ∼103 mA h g-1 with a reasonable capacity retention of ∼84.4% after 100 cycles. Notably, the electrochemically-active component possesses a capacity of ∼139 mA h g-1, approaching that of the commercialized LiCoO2 and Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 materials. Importantly, our operando neutron powder-diffraction results suggest excellent structural stability of this active component, which exhibits ∼80% less change in its stacking-axis than for LiCoO2 with approximately the same capacity, a characteristic that may be exploited to enhance significantly the capacity retention of this and similar materials. The development of cathode materials with high capacity and cycle stability is essential to emerging electric-vehicle technologies, however, of serious environmental concern is that materials with these properties developed so far contain the toxic and expensive Co. We report here the Li-rich, Co-free Li 1+x MO 2 (M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode material, prepared via a template-free, one-step wetchemical method followed by conventional annealing in an oxygen atmosphere. The cathode has an unprecedented level of cation mixing, where the electrochemically-active component contains four elements at the transition-metal (3a) site and 20% Ni at the active Li site (3b Importantly, our operando neutron powder-diffraction results suggest excellent structural stability of this active component, which exhibits ~ 80% less change in its stacking-axis than for LiCoO 2 with approximately the same capacity, a characteristic that may be exploited to enhance significantly the capacity retention of this and similar materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li_1+xMO₂(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Pang

Kalluri

Peterson

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Omar et al 16 also reported an exponential influence of discharge rate on the cycle life of the cylindrical 2. [4] Where Q loss is the capacity loss, B is the pre-exponential factor, C Rate is the discharge rate, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin, and Ah is the Ah-throughput. Eqs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Temperature and Discharge Rate on the Aging of a LiCoO₂/LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell

Keil

Schuster

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This paper presents a lithium-ion battery aging study in which pouch cells comprising a LiCoO 2 /LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 blended cathode and a graphite anode are examined. The study focuses on the impact of temperature and discharge rate on the cycle life of the tested cells. Compared to the aging behavior of other lithium-ion cells in the literature, the cells tested here are less sensitive to the discharge rate but more vulnerable to low temperature cycling. The vulnerability to low temperature mainly comes from cathode degradation, especially of the LiCoO 2 component. This is identified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, differential voltage analysis and incremental capacity analysis. The cells are able to achieve 3000-5000 cycles before reaching a capacity fade of 20%, also at higher discharge rates up to 5C. All in all, the high discharge rate capability could be a general advantage of pouch cells due to less mechanical and thermal stress in their geometry. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the cathode health in low temperature applications of lithium-ion cells containing layered oxides. This paper focuses mainly on non-invasive aging detection methods for lithium-ion cells. Post-mortem results will be published in a following paper.

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“…The energy throughput (Ah-throughput) is defined as the total energy (charge) that is transferred to and from the battery. Other stress factors such as temperature, depth-of-discharge and charge-discharge rate may be accounted for as weighting factors when counting the battery throughput [43,44]. A detailed analysis of battery lifetime is beyond the scope of this paper, because the extent of the effect of different stress factors on the battery lifetime depends very much on the battery chemistry, and relevant data for the battery used in this study are not available.…”

Section: Further Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Management Optimization of an Experimental Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid System

2015

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Abstract:In this paper, an experimental fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid system is investigated in terms of modeling and power management design and optimization. The power management strategy is designed based on the role that should be played by each component of the hybrid power source. The supercapacitor is responsible for the peak power demands. The battery assists the supercapacitor in fulfilling the transient power demand by controlling its state-of-energy, whereas the fuel cell system, with its slow dynamics, controls the state-of-charge of the battery. The parameters of the power management strategy are optimized by a genetic algorithm and Pareto front analysis in a framework of multi-objective optimization, taking into account the hydrogen consumption, the battery loading and the acceleration performance. The optimization results are validated on a test bench composed of a fuel cell system (1.2 kW, 26 V), lithium polymer battery (30 Ah, 37 V), and a supercapacitor (167 F, 48 V).

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A holistic aging model for Li(NiMnCo)O2 based 18650 lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 577 publications

References 20 publications

Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li_1+xMO₂(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li_1+xMO₂(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Impact of Temperature and Discharge Rate on the Aging of a LiCoO₂/LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell

Power Management Optimization of an Experimental Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid System

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A holistic aging model for Li(NiMnCo)O2 based 18650 lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 577 publications

References 20 publications

Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li1+xMO2(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li1+xMO2(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Impact of Temperature and Discharge Rate on the Aging of a LiCoO2/LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell

Power Management Optimization of an Experimental Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li_1+xMO₂(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Electrochemistry and structure of the cobalt-free Li_1+xMO₂(M = Li, Ni, Mn, Fe) composite cathode

Impact of Temperature and Discharge Rate on the Aging of a LiCoO₂/LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell