A Homeostasis Hypothesis of Avian Influenza Resistance in Chickens

An, Jinpeng; Li, Jinxiu; Wang, Ying; Wang, Jing; Li, Qinghe; Zhou, Huaijun; Hu, Xiaoxiang; Zhao, Yaofeng; Li, Ning

doi:10.3390/genes10070543

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Understanding the genetics behind resistance not only has obvious utility for the poultry industry, but will be able to inform on human health. The paper by An et al [9] describes their hypothesis that resistance is mediated by a homeostasis mechanism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomics of Avian Viral Infections

Smith

2019

Genes

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The poultry industry currently accounts for the production of around 118 million metric tons of meat and around 74 million metric tons of eggs annually. As the global population continues to increase, so does our reliance on poultry as a food source. It is therefore of vital importance that we safeguard this valuable resource and make the industry as economically competitive as possible. Avian viral infections, however, continue to cost the poultry industry billions of dollars annually. This can be in terms of vaccination costs, loss of birds and decreased production. With a view to improving the health and welfare of commercial birds and to minimizing associated economic losses, it is therefore of great importance that we try to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying host susceptibility and resilience to some of the major viral pathogens that threaten the poultry species. Some avian viruses, through their zoonotic potential, also pose a risk to human health. This Special Issue will present papers that describe our current knowledge on host responses to various viral pathogens, the genetics underlying those responses and how genomics can begin to provide a solution for resolving the threat posed by these infections.

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confidence: 99%

Genomics of Avian Viral Infections

Smith

2019

Genes

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“…We thus hypothesized that all chickens resistant to infection share a conserved transcriptomic signature in response to viral exposure regardless of their breed. This approach based on the comparison of individual chickens with different infection outcomes makes our analysis unique, in contrast with similar recent chicken RNA-Seq studies where resistant and susceptible chicken lines are compared instead ( 33 , 34 , 58 ). A salient feature were the minor transcriptomic changes observed in resistant chickens versus controls, in contrast with the major transcriptomic changes in susceptible chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Host and Pathogen RNA-Seq Analysis Unravels Chicken Genes Potentially Involved in Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

et al. 2021

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe systemic disease and high mortality rates in chickens, leading to a huge economic impact in the poultry sector. However, some chickens are resistant to the disease. This study aimed at evaluating the mechanisms behind HPAIV disease resistance. Chickens of different breeds were challenged with H7N1 HPAIV or clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAIV, euthanized at 3 days post-inoculation (dpi), and classified as resistant or susceptible depending on the following criteria: chickens that presented i) clinical signs, ii) histopathological lesions, and iii) presence of HPAIV antigen in tissues were classified as susceptible, while chickens lacking all these criteria were classified as resistant. Once classified, we performed RNA-Seq from lung and spleen samples in order to compare the transcriptomic signatures between resistant and susceptible chickens. We identified minor transcriptomic changes in resistant chickens in contrast with huge alterations observed in susceptible chickens. Interestingly, six differentially expressed genes were downregulated in resistant birds and upregulated in susceptible birds. Some of these genes belong to the NF-kappa B and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Among these six genes, the serine protease-encoding gene PLAU was of particular interest, being the most significantly downregulated gene in resistant chickens. Expression levels of this protease were further validated by RT-qPCR in a larger number of experimentally infected chickens. Furthermore, HPAIV quasi-species populations were constructed using 3 dpi oral swabs. No substantial changes were found in the viral segments that interact with the innate immune response and with the host cell receptors, reinforcing the role of the immune system of the host in the clinical outcome. Altogether, our results suggest that an early inactivation of important host genes could prevent an exaggerated immune response and/or viral replication, conferring resistance to HPAIV in chickens.

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“…This might be explained by lower viral prevalence in backyard farms compared to commercial farms, or greater likelihood to have been exposed to AIVs, and to have developed some immune response, by the time they are sold 20 . Resistance of local breeds to AIVs has been suggested [34][35][36][37] , and occasionally explored [38][39][40] , unlike possible variations in their susceptibility and infectiousness compared with commercial breeds. Also, deshis' transport conditions differ from those of commercial breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza transmission risk along live poultry trading networks in Bangladesh

Moyen

Hoque

Mahmud

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Live animal markets are known hotspots of zoonotic disease emergence. To mitigate those risks, we need to understand how networks shaped by trading practices influence disease spread. Yet, those practices are rarely recorded in high-risk settings. Through a large cross-sectional study, we assessed the potential impact of live poultry trading networks’ structures on avian influenza transmission dynamics in Bangladesh. Networks promoted mixing between chickens sourced from different farming systems and geographical locations, fostering co-circulation of viral strains of diverse origins in markets. Viral transmission models suggested that the observed rise in viral prevalence from farms to markets was unlikely explained by intra-market transmission alone, but substantially influenced by transmission occurring in upstream network nodes. Disease control interventions should therefore alter the entire network structures. However, as networks differed between chicken types and city supplied, standardised interventions are unlikely to be effective, and should be tailored to local structural characteristics.

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A Homeostasis Hypothesis of Avian Influenza Resistance in Chickens

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Genomics of Avian Viral Infections

Genomics of Avian Viral Infections

Dual Host and Pathogen RNA-Seq Analysis Unravels Chicken Genes Potentially Involved in Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

Avian influenza transmission risk along live poultry trading networks in Bangladesh

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