A homeostatic mechanism rapidly corrects aberrant nucleocytoplasmic ratios maintaining nuclear size in fission yeast

Cantwell, Helena; Nurse, Paul

doi:10.1242/jcs.235911

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…S7 ). In fission yeast, the ratio of nuclear to cell volume (the N/C ratio) has been reported to be 8% when using idealized geometries for both nucleus and cell 37 , 49 . Electron microscopy experiments measured 9.4% 51 and 12% 52 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S7 C). This suggests that cell division introduces variability, which may get corrected as cells grow 49 , 53 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prominent workarounds are projections 42 – 44 (Supplementary Fig. S5 ) or approximations of the rod shape as a cylinder with hemispherical ends 37 , 38 , 48 , 49 (Fig. 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate cell size, some prior studies have made the approximation that fission yeast cells are cylinders with hemispherical ends (e.g. 37,38,48,49 ). Cell length and width measurements from the midplane ROI are used to calculate the volume of this idealized shape.…”

Section: Pomegranate Accurately Isolates Regions Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pomegranate: 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction for fission yeast and other radially symmetric cells

Baybay

Esposito

Hauf

2020

Sci Rep

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Three-dimensional (3D) segmentation of cells in microscopy images is crucial to accurately capture signals that extend across optical sections. Using brightfield images for segmentation has the advantage of being minimally phototoxic and leaving all other channels available for signals of interest. However, brightfield images only readily provide information for two-dimensional (2D) segmentation. In radially symmetric cells, such as fission yeast and many bacteria, this 2D segmentation can be computationally extruded into the third dimension. However, current methods typically make the simplifying assumption that cells are straight rods. Here, we report Pomegranate, a pipeline that performs the extrusion into 3D using spheres placed along the topological skeletons of the 2D-segmented regions. The diameter of these spheres adapts to the cell diameter at each position. Thus, Pomegranate accurately represents radially symmetric cells in 3D even if cell diameter varies and regardless of whether a cell is straight, bent or curved. We have tested Pomegranate on fission yeast and demonstrate its ability to 3D segment wild-type cells as well as classical size and shape mutants. The pipeline is available as a macro for the open-source image analysis software Fiji/ImageJ. 2D segmentations created within or outside Pomegranate can serve as input, thus making this a valuable extension to the image analysis portfolio already available for fission yeast and other radially symmetric cell types.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S7 C). This suggests that cell division introduces variability, which may get corrected as cells grow 49 , 53 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prominent workarounds are projections 42 – 44 (Supplementary Fig. S5 ) or approximations of the rod shape as a cylinder with hemispherical ends 37 , 38 , 48 , 49 (Fig. 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pomegranate Accurately Isolates Regions Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pomegranate: 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction for fission yeast and other radially symmetric cells

Baybay

Esposito

Hauf

2020

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…S7C). This suggests that cell division introduces variability, which may get corrected as cells grow 49,53 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate: 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction for fission yeast and other radially symmetric cells

Baybay

Esposito

Hauf

2020

Preprint

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AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) segmentation of cells in microscopy images is crucial to accurately capture signals that extend across optical sections. Using brightfield images for segmentation has the advantage of being minimally phototoxic and leaving all other channels available for signals of interest. However, brightfield images readily only provide two-dimensional (2D) segmentation. In radially symmetric cells, such as fission yeast and many bacteria, the brightfield 2D segmentation can be computationally extruded into the third dimension. However, current methods make simplifying assumptions that introduce error. Here, we report Pomegranate, a pipeline that performs the extrusion using spheres placed along the topological skeletons of the 2D-segmented regions. The diameter of these spheres adapts to the cell diameter at each position. Thus, Pomegranate accurately represents cells in 3D even if cell diameter varies and regardless of whether a cell is straight, bent or curved. We have tested Pomegranate on fission yeast and demonstrate its ability to 3D segment wild-type cells as well as classical size and shape mutants. The pipeline is available as macro for the open-source image analysis software Fiji/ImageJ. 2D segmentations created within or outside Pomegranate can serve as input, thus making this a valuable extension to the image analysis portfolio already available for fission yeast and other rod-shaped cell types.

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Strongly oversized fission yeast cells lack any size control and tend to grow linearly rather than bilinearly

Nagy

Medgyes-Horváth

Vörös

et al. 2020

Yeast

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During the mitotic cycle, the rod‐shaped fission yeast cells grow only at their tips. The newly born cells grow first unipolarly at their old end, but later in the cycle, the ‘new end take‐off’ event occurs, resulting in bipolar growth. Photographs were taken of several steady‐state and induction synchronous cultures of different cell cycle mutants of fission yeast, generally larger than wild type. Length measurements of many individual cells were performed from birth to division. For all the measured growth patterns, three different functions (linear, bilinear and exponential) were fitted, and the most adequate one was chosen by using specific statistical criteria, considering the altering parameter numbers. Although the growth patterns were heterogeneous in all the cultures studied, we could find some tendencies. In cultures with sufficiently wide size distribution, cells large enough at birth tend to grow linearly, whereas the other cells generally tend to grow bilinearly. We have found that among bilinearly growing cells, the larger they are at birth, the rate change point during their bilinear pattern occurs earlier in the cycle. This shifting near to the beginning of the cycle might finally cause a linear pattern, if the cells are even larger. In all of the steady‐state cultures studied, a size control mechanism operates to maintain homeostasis. By contrast, strongly oversized cells of induction synchronous cultures lack any sizer, and their cycle rather behaves like an adder. We could determine the critical cell size for both the G1 and G2 size controls, where these mechanisms become cryptic. TAKE AWAY Most individual fission yeast cells in steady‐state cultures grow bilinearly. In strongly oversized fission yeast cells, linear growth dominates over bilinear. Above birth length thresholds, both the G1 and G2 size controls become cryptic.

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A homeostatic mechanism rapidly corrects aberrant nucleocytoplasmic ratios maintaining nuclear size in fission yeast

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Pomegranate: 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction for fission yeast and other radially symmetric cells

Pomegranate: 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction for fission yeast and other radially symmetric cells

Pomegranate: 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction for fission yeast and other radially symmetric cells

Strongly oversized fission yeast cells lack any size control and tend to grow linearly rather than bilinearly

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