“…Another shortcoming of the coating method is that the solvent used to coat the polymer must wet the membranes and must not dissolve or swell the ultrafiltration support [12]. Although membranes prepared via IP and coating techniques have been well received by industry, the ability to make integrally skinned asymmetric membranes via a singlestep fabrication process [12][13][14] is of broad interest. Asymmetric membranes generated by phase inversion have been applied in the Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; A, effective membrane area (m 2 ); C p , concentration of the permeation (mg mL À 1 ); C f , concentration of the feed (mg mL À 1 ); DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide; F, pure water flux (L m À 2 h À 1 ); h, hour; IP, interfacial polymerization; L, liter; MW, molecular weight; MV, methyl violet; MWCO, molecular weight cut off; NF, nanofiltration; PEGDGE, poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether; PEI, polyethyleneimine; PEG, polyethylene glycol; RO, reverse osmosis; r s , stokes radius; s, second; t, testing time (h); PES-TA, cardo poly (arylene ether sulfone) with pendant tertiary amine groups; THF, tetrahydrofuran; V, volume of permeate water (L); XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy n Corresponding author at: Key Laboratory of Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute desalination process [6] and organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) [9,15].…”