A horn antenna with circular aperture for pipeline water cut measurement

Abstract

A horn antenna with circular aperture is proposed and designed based on the variation of the attenuation amplitude and the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in pipeline in the present paper. The simulation and tests show that the gain of the antenna is 15 dB and the return loss is À12.5 dB. The simulation and experimental results of simulated pipeline water cut test also show that the antenna was used to measure the water content in the range of 0%-100% of the water and oil in the pipeline. The water cut measurement of water and oil is less affected by the mixing type of oil-water mixture in the pipeline, because the main lobe of the antenna is located in the pipeline and the antenna has good directivity. The design of antenna in microwave sensor is useful for the field-testing and fundamental research.

Design and simulation of small-sized antenna in microwave transmission method for water content measurement instrument

“…The principle followed to perform measurement under the microwave transmission method is based on the loss of energy caused when the microwave signal passes through the measured object to detect the water content of the measured material. 15 Figure 1 shows the microwave transmission method as adopted when a uniform plane wave approaches the measured medium in a vertical incidence.…”

“…(b) Unlike the research reported in refs., 2,15,21,22 the proposed miniaturized antenna is implemented on microstrip patch antennas to achieve ultra-wideband high gain antennas.…”

“…(i) Although the antenna bandwidth reported in refs. 15,27 is greater than 4 GHz, the antenna is limited by antenna size and frequency size.…”

“…12 Herein, a miniaturized antenna is designed as a microwave sensor that takes into account the process of antenna installation for the downhole water content meter and other measurement devices to occupy the center channel of the pipe. According to literature, [13][14][15][16] the maximum inner diameter of the pipe is 150 mm. This paper is aimed to design a miniaturized antenna according to the above pipe size.…”

Measurement system of ultra‐low moisture content in oil based on the microwave transmission method

“…Aggarwal and Johnston 9 verified the feasibility of X‐band microwave detection of moisture in oil pipelines and detected the attenuation of the microwave after passing through the sample to determine moisture in oil; Jia et al 10 used the dual antenna structure to detect the water content of crude oil, and it could detect the water content of 0%–100% in crude oil; Li et al 11 designed a microwave transmission method for crude oil water content detection system, which could detect the water content of 20%–75%, and the measurement accuracy is higher than 5%. Zeng et al 12 designed a horn antenna with a circular aperture, and the detection of water‐cut in the pipeline is not affected by the type of oil‐water mixture. Vertiy et al 13 introduced a quasi‐optical multilayered structure formed by an adjustable dielectric interferometer and a liquid investigated filling its gabs for testing the quality of liquid petroleum products.…”