A human in vivo model for the determination of lead bioavailability using stable isotope dilution.

Abstract

Beverages stored in lead-crystal glass accumulate extraordinary concentrations of lead. We obtained a lead-crystal decanter manufactured with lead from Australia, where the ratio of 206Pb/207Pb is distinctly different from that in the United States. We sought to determine the bioavailability of crystal-derived lead, using the technique of stable isotope dilution in blood. We conducted a single-dose, nonrandomized cross-over study in which participants were admitted to the Clinical Research Center twice, 1 week apart. During the first admission, subjects ingested sherry obtained from the original bottle. During the second admission, they ingested sherry that had been stored in the crystal decanter and that had achieved a lead concentration of 14.2 mu mol/l. After ingesting decanter-stored sherry, mean blood lead rose significantly (p = 0.0003) from 0.10 to 0.18 mu mol/l, while mean 206Pb/207Pb fell from 1.202 to 1.137 (p = 0.0001). On average, 70% of the ingested dose of lead was absorbed. We conclude that lead derived from crystal glass is highly bioavailable; repeated ingestions could cause elevated blood lead concentration. The technique of stable isotope dilution lends itself to the study of the bioavailability of lead in other matrices, including soil. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C Figure 2.

Evaluations of primary metals from NHEXAS Arizona: distributions and preliminary exposures

“…Daily consumption of fish by subsistence fishermen adds 130 ng of Pb exposure each day (Tchounwou et al, 1996). Pb, leached from ceramic and glass containers (14.2 mol/l), can contaminate food and beverage (Graziano et al, 1996;Ajman et al, 1997). This is a well-known hazard and is associated with low fired ceramics made in Mexico and commonly available in Arizona.…”

Characterizing Golden Eagle Risk to Lead and Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure: A Review

“…Similarly, if exposure abruptly changes to a lead source having a different isotope abundance profile, the kinetics of the change in profile in the person can be measured, reflecting the kinetics of uptake and distribution of lead from the new source (Gulson et al 2003;Maddaloni et al 1998;Manton et al 2003). Numerous examples of the application of stable isotope abundance measurements for studying sources of lead exposures have been reported (Angle et al 1995;Graziano et al 1996;Gulson and Wilson 1994;Gulson et al 1996;Manton 1977Manton , 1998.…”

Use and abuse of Pb-isotope fingerprinting technique and GIS mapping data to assess lead in environmental studies

“…Based on the results of two studies yielding similar results, one in the Midwest estimating the isotopic ratio of lead in urine of children (Manton et al 2000) and one in the Northeast estimating the isotopic ratio of lead in the blood of adults (Graziano et al 1996), a modern average range of 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios was developed Fig. 5 Isotopic ratio analysis of 206 Pb/ 207 Pb plotted for paint and corresponding dust samples.…”

“…Thus, every product that contains lead also contains a specific ratio of the isotopes that can be used as a marker or fingerprint to aid in the identification of source etiology. Environmental samples including soil, water, paint, and dust can be measured and compared to lead isotopes in biological samples (blood, urine, nails, hair, teeth, and bone) (Yaffe et al 1983;Graziano et al 1996;Gulson and Gillings 1997) or to industrial point sources (Duzgoren-Aydin et al 2004, 2006bDuzgoren-Aydin 2007). With such data, specific sources can be ruled out or better implicated as contributing factors.…”