A human origin strain Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 exhibits superior in vitro probiotic efficacy in comparison to plant or dairy origin probiotics

Abstract

Background: The health benefits of probiotics are well established and known to be strain-specific. However, the role of probiotics obtained from different origins and their efficacy largely remains unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro efficacy of probiotics from different origins.Methods: Probiotic strains utilized in this study include Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 (human origin), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis UABla-12 (human origin), L. plantarum UALp-05 (plant origin) and Streptococcus thermophilus UASt-09 (dairy origin). Screening assays such as in vitro digestion simulation, adhesion, cell viability and cytokine release were used to evaluate the probiotic potential.Results: All strains showed good resistance in the digestion simulation process, especially DDS-1 and UALp-05, which survived up to a range of 107 to 108 CFU/mL from an initial concentration of 109 CFU/mL. Two human colonic mucus-secreting cells, HT-29 and LS174T, were used to assess the adhesion capacity, cytotoxicity/viability, and cytokine quantification. All strains exhibited good adhesion capacity. No significant cellular cytotoxicity or loss in cell viability was observed. DDS-1 and UALp-05 significantly upregulated anti-inflammatory IL-10 and downregulated pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine production. All the strains were able to downregulate IL-8 cytokine levels.Conclusion: Of the 4 strains tested, DDS-1 demonstrated superior survival rates, good adhesion capacity and strong immunomodulatory effect under different experimental conditions.

Beyond Just Bacteria: Functional Biomes in the Gut Ecosystem Including Virome, Mycobiome, Archaeome and Helminths

“…M. smithii produces methane from the byproducts of bacterial fermentation and is present in up to 95% of fecal samples from human subjects [113]. Interestingly, M. smithii's abundance was found to be stable over time, even after major changes in diet [14,114]. In the human gut, methanogenic archaea may impact host metabolism, especially energy homeostasis and may contribute to obesity [79], by syntrophic interactions with gut bacteria, which increase short-chain fatty acid production and contribute to an excess of calories available to the host [115].…”

“…For example, probiotics (single or multi-strained) are considered natural, safe, and beneficial modulators of the gut microbial composition, but their efficacy is strain-and dose-dependent and not all probiotics function against all disorders and diseases [154]. Fundamentally, to confer health benefits a probiotic needs to survive the acidic gastric digestion, other digestive enzymes, reach the intestine and colonize on the intestinal epithelium in good numbers [114]. In most of the probiotic trials, the vehicles for probiotic intake used are yoghurt, biscuits, bars, and capsules, per oral, which is not consistent across the studies and can potentially confound the outcomes [155].…”

Probiyotikler ve Belirlenmelerinde Kullanılan in vitro Testler

“…Probiyotik suşların her şeyden önce toksin üretmeyen ve vücuda alındıklarında sağlığa zarar vermeyen, yani GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) statüsündeki mikroorganizmalardan seçilmiş olması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, bir mikroorganizmanın probiyotik olarak gıdada kullanılabilmesi için; tercihen insan orijinli olması, patojen olmaması, mide asidine ve safra tuzuna dayanıklı olması, bağırsak yüzeyine tutunabilmesi, gastrointestinal sistemde kısa da olsa yaşamını devam ettirebilmesi, antimikrobiyal karakterde bileşikler üretebilmesi, antibiyotik direncinin olmaması, bağışıklık sistemini uyarması, metabolik etkiler gösterebilmesi, (kolesterol asimilasyonu, laktaz aktivitesi, vitamin üretimi) ve teknolojik süreçlere dayanıklı olması beklenmektedir (Collins et al, 1998;Dunne et al, 2001;Önal-Darılmaz, 2010;Uymaz, 2010;Erem vd., 2013;Kechagia et al, 2013;Çomak-Göçer vd., 2016 (Vemuri et al, 2018).…”

“…Bağırsak yüzeyine tutunmaya yönelik araştırmalarda, normal insan ince bağırsak villus hücrelerinin özelliklerine sahip olan Caco-2, HT-29, LS174T ve fetal I-407 hücre hatları, hücre kültürü çalışmalarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte adhezyonun incelenmesi dışında hücrelerin probiyotiklere gösterdiği reaksiyonu incelemek için de hücre kültürü kullanılmaktadır (Blum et al, 1999;Dunne et al, 2001;Brito et al, 2012;Argyri et al, 2013;Anonymous, 2018b;De Melo Pereira et al, 2018;Vemuri et al, 2018).…”

Luminal basic science

“…However, the relationship between probiotics and gut microbiota in aging is unclear. Recently, we reported that the human origin strain Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS‐1 demonstrated superior probiotic traits in an in vitro setting . Taking this further, we evaluated the changes in microbial ecology, and immune and metabolite status in young and aging mice using DDS‐1.…”