A Human Volunteer Study on the Prebiotic Effects of HP-Inulin—Faecal Bacteria Enumerated Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH)

Tuohy, Kieran; Finlay, R. K.; Wynne, Anthony; Gibson, Glenn R.

doi:10.1006/anae.2001.0368

Cited by 109 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previous human feeding studies have demonstrated the bifidogenic nature of both inulin and oligofructose. A variety of doses have been thus far reported effective in increasing faecal bifidobacteria in vivo, ranging from 4 to 40 g/day (Williams et al, 1994;Gibson et al, 1995;Buddington et al, 1996;Kleessen et al, 1997;Bouhnik et al, 1999;Kruse et al, 1999;Den Hond et al, 2000;Tuohy et al, 2001a;Bouhnik et al, 2004). Although microbial culture techniques were used in the majority of studies, results reported thus far on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin and oligofructose are in agreement with studies employing molecular methodologies of monitoring the prebiotic effect on the bacterial microflora (Tuohy et al, 2001a, b).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…If the fermentation capacity of saccharolytic organisms in the colon is saturated, the excess substrate will be available to organisms that may generate gas (unlike the bifidobacteria). As previously mentioned, tolerance to inulin varies among individuals (Tuohy et al, 2001a). In general, both active treatments were well accepted by the human volunteers and all subjects completed the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Indeed, two recent studies on the bifidogenic efficacy of long chain inulin report conflicting results. At 8 g/day long chain inulin was found to effect a significant bifidogenic effect when bacterial changes were monitored through FISH (Tuohy et al, 2001a) but not at 10 g/day when bacterial culture was used (Bouhnik et al, 2004). The latter result may have occurred because of the use of culture-based technologies and their lack of selectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

Meyer²,

2007

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Objective: To evaluate the bifidogenic efficacy of two inulin doses in healthy human adults. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover human study. Setting: Food Microbial Sciences Unit, The University of Reading, Reading, UK. Subjects: Thirty healthy volunteers, 15 men, 15 women (age range 19-35).Interventions: Subjects consumed a chocolate drink containing placebo (maltodextrin, 8 g/day), 5 g/day inulin and 8 g/day inulin for a 2-week treatment period. Each treatment was followed by a 1-week washout at the end of which volunteers progressed to the next treatment. Faecal samples were obtained at the start of the study (baseline) and at the end of each treatment and washout period. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to monitor populations of Bifidobacterium genus, Bacteroides -Prevotella, Lactobacillus -Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens -histolyticum subgroup. Results: Bifidobacterial levels increased significantly upon ingestion of both the low (9.7870.29 log 10 cells/g faeces, Po0.05) and the high inulin dose (9.7970.38 log 10 cells/g faeces, P ¼ 0.05) compared to placebo (9.6470.23 log 10 cells/g faeces).Conclusions: Both inulin doses exhibited a bifidogenic effect but a higher volunteer percentage responded to the high dose. A dose response effect was not observed but the magnitude of increase in bifidobacteria levels depended on their initial numbers. The higher the initial concentrations the smaller was the increase upon ingestion of the active treatments. Sponsorship: Financial support for the completion of this project was provided by Sensus (Roosendaal, The Netherlands).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

Meyer²,

2007

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“…Roberfroid et al (1998) argued that the daily dose is not a determinant of the prebiotic effect, but the magnitude of the bifidogenic effect is mainly influenced by the number of bifidobacteria present in the colon before supplementation with the prebiotic begins. This seems to be the case in many studies with adult volunteers (Roberfroid et al, 1998;Tuohy et al, 2001a;Kolida et al, 2007;De Preter et al, 2008b) and infants (Kim et al, 2007;Yap et al, 2008). This phenomenon may explain why in a few studies no bifidogenic effects were observed, for instance, in a study using 10 g/day long-chain inulin (Bouhnik et al, 2004), whereas another study did show such an effect at 9 g/day of the same type of fructan (Harmsen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Adult Participantsmentioning

confidence: 76%

The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

Meyer¹,

2009

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The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose is now well established in various studies, not only in adult participants but also in other age groups. This bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for the impact of these prebiotic compounds on various parameters of colonic function. Mainly from animal and in vitro studies and also from some human trials, there are indications, for instance, that inulin-type fructans may reduce the production of potentially toxic metabolites and may induce important immune-mediated effects. This review discusses how these changes in the composition and activity of the colonic microbiota may affect gut health in healthy people, including in those who may experience some form of gastrointestinal discomfort.

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“…18,19 Several studies show that factors such as lowering luminal pH, prebiotic dosage and concentration, duration of intake, fermentation site, and the initial composition of the intestinal microflora are important for the prebiotic effects. 9,[20][21][22][23][24] Several substances are claimed to be prebiotics, but so far only fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), lactulose, and inulin have met all 3 criteria listed above, as published by Roberfroid and Cherbut 14,25 (Table 3). Other prebiotic candidates are promising, but only preliminary data exist for their health-inducing effects, whereas they do not meet all prebiotic criteria as stated above and therefore cannot be classified as prebiotics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Langen

Dieleman

2009

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

163

107

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Prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable fibers that are reported to have health benefits for the host. Older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic pouchitis. In this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent IBD models and in IBD patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms. Commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas others are protective. However, most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated proinflammatory immune response of the host, some of them toxic and costly. Feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host. Therapy for IBD targeting intestinal bacteria and their function is just emerging. Prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer. Unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics. However, the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human IBD will need to be confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Keywords ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; prebiotics; bifidobacteria; lactobacilli The incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are increasing in the developed northern hemisphere. Bernstein et al 1 recently published data that showed that Canada has the highest incidence and prevalence of CD thus far reported. The incidence rate for CD ranged from 8.8-20.2 per 100,000 and the prevalence ranged from 161-319 per 100,000. The incidence and prevalence of UC was lower, ranging from 9.9-19.5 and 162-249 per 100,000, respectively. Approximately 0.5% of the Canadian population has IBD. Several studies concerning the pathogenesis of IBD indicate that a combination of factors such as genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora, dietary factors, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and an abnormal immune response to intestinal bacteria lead to chronic intestinal inflammation. CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript Current IBD TherapeuticsThe current medical armamentarium to treat UC and CD consists of 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) compounds, corticosteroids, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Recently several biologics have been added to this list. 5 Most patients respond well to these therapies, but for some patients it is still inadequate and/or induces intolerable and serious side effects. In addition, the current therapies are mostly directed against the overly aggressive adaptive immune response of the host, but fail to correct potential environmental triggers such as the intestinal microflora that induces a...

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A Human Volunteer Study on the Prebiotic Effects of HP-Inulin—Faecal Bacteria Enumerated Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH)

Cited by 109 publications

References 29 publications

A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

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