A two-stage straight bevel gear system is a gear system that can be used in various applications. The straight bevel gear is known for its complex tooth geometry. Due to the variation of the number of pairs of teeth in contact, the mesh stiffness function can be considered as a time-varying function. However, the mesh stiffness for the straight bevel gear is sensitive to measurement and modeling errors. Thus, at each time step, its value can not assigned to deterministic one. Generally, the uncertain parameters are assumed to be time-independent. In this paper, the interval process method has been used to represent the time-varying uncertain parameters, whose bounds are determined through the potential energy method. The lumped parameter model of two-stage straight bevel gear has been proposed. We have considered that the masses of the straight bevel gear system components and bearing stiffnesses along with time-varying mesh stiffnesses are uncertain parameters which can be represented by the interval process model. The Chebyshev polynomial expansion has been used to approximate the response of the two-stage straight bevel gear system with respect to the interval variables. The lower and higher bounds of the eigenvalues of the system have been determined. The bounds of dynamic displacements of the straight bevel gear system have been computed and compared with those computed by the Monte Carlo method.