A hybrid dynamic system model for the assessment of transportation electrification

Abstract

In recent years, the electrification of transport has emerged as a trend to support energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction targets. The true success, however, of this trend depends on the successful integration of electric vehicles on the infrastructure systems that support them. Left unmanaged electric vehicles may suffer from delays due to charging or cause destabilizing charging loads on the electrical grid. While many works have sought to mitigate these effects with advanced functionality such as coordinated charging, vehicle-togrid stabilization, and charging queue management, few works have assessed these impacts as a holistic transportation-electricity nexus. Furthermore, rigorous dynamic system mathematical models that couple the kinematic and electrical states have yet to be developed holistically. This paper develops such a model in the hopes of its application by EV fleet operators to not just assess but also improve their operations & control. The hybrid dynamic system model is composed of a marked petri-net model superimposed on the continuous time kinematic and electrical state evolution. The application of the model is demonstrated on an illustrative example of modest size and sufficient functional heterogeneity.

A Hybrid Dynamic System Assessment Methodology for Multi-Modal Transportation-Electrification

“…Such a system is called a transportation-electricity nexus (TEN). [76,77]: A system-of-systems composed of a system with the artifacts necessary to describe at least one mode of electrified transport united with an interdependent system composed of the artifacts necessary to generate, transmit, distribute, and consume electricity.…”

“…Definition 4. Charging Process [50,77]: A resource-independent process p γ ∈ P γ that positively or negatively affects an EV's SOC. These processes may draw or inject the required energy into the interdependent electricity grid.…”

Symmetrica: test case for transportation electrification research

“…This affects when a vehicle can begin its journey and the Definition 1. Transportation-Electricity Nexus (TEN) (Farid 2015a;Viswanath and Farid 2014): A system-ofsystems composed of a system with the artifacts necessary to describe at least one mode of transport united with an interdependent system composed of the artifacts necessary to generate, transmit, distribute and consume electricity.…”

“…The planning, operation and assessment methodologies for a transportation electricity nexus are still very much in the course of development (Farid 2015a;Viswanath and Farid 2014). Although, the individual fields of transportation systems engineering (Barcelo and Kuwahara 2008;Barcelo 2010;Treiber and Kesting 2013) and power systems engineering (Gomez Exposito et al 2008;Wood and Wollenberg 2014) are well established, the union of these two systems requires new approaches beyond those of each field separately.…”

“…Finally, a third study sought to compare plug-in electric and online electric vehicles (Ahn et al 2013;Kim et al 2013) based upon their fundamentally different vehicle availabilities and charging requirements (Farid 2015a). It used a custom-built parallelized transportation-electrification simulator based on a hybrid dynamic model (Farid 2015a;Viswanath and Farid 2014). None of these studies specifically included the power system topology of their respective geographies.…”