“…As for the manipulator–environment interaction control, the impedance control was proposed [ 21 , 22 ]. Generally speaking, the impedance control can be divided as: typical impedance control, position–force hybrid control and hybrid impedance control [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Moreover, the impedance control can also be divided into the Cartesian impedance control and the joint impedance control, and in the Cartesian impedance control, the end-effector force/torque sensor was utilized, and in the joint impedance control algorithms, the joint torque sensor was utilized.…”