A hybrid model to extend vehicular intercommunication V2V through D2D architecture

Abstract

Abstract-In the recent years, many solutions for Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication were proposed to overcome failure problems (also known as 'dead-ends'). This paper proposes a novel framework for V2V failure recovery using Device-to-Device (D2D) communications. Based on the unified Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) architecture, LTE-based D2D mechanisms can improve V2V 'dead-ends' failure recovery delays. This new paradigm of hybrid V2V-D2D communications overcomes the limitations of traditional V2V routing techniques. According to NS2 simulation results, the proposed hybrid model decreases the end to end delay (E2E) of messages delivery. A complete comparison of different D2D use cases (best & worst scenarios) is presented to show the enhancements brought by our solution compared to traditional V2V techniques. Keywords-Vehicular Networks VANET; Intelligent Transportation Systems; D2D communicationsI. INTRODUCTION Pure Vehicular communications also known as V2V can suffer from blocking or failure issues called 'dead-ends ' [1]. This is mainly due to geographical guidance errors, insufficient communication range, or topology dynamicity. Hence, unrelayed V2V messages will block the whole communication process. The V2V communication is used either to disseminate local information in the VANET domain or to relay it to the nearest Road Side Unit (RSU), which will transmit it to ground servers and Traffic control Centers (TCC). The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) communication architecture standardized by ETSI and ISO [2] has been proposed in this context as a global and harmonized architecture that enhances V2V routing mechanisms. The ITS reference architecture provides V2V failover mechanisms through vertical handover mechanisms provided by the embedded ITS protocol stack of vehicles' communication systems. Meanwhile, new architectures and mechanisms enabling D2D communications in cellular networks have become a hot discussion and an uprising research topic as they enable a new type of short range direct communications based on LTE. This new type of communication based on devices proximity information is envisioned to promote for a variety of new generation services going from the real-time location-based and context-aware services to public safety services. Recently standardized at the 3GPP level [3], are

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