A hydrodynamically optimized nano-electrospray ionization source and vacuum interface

Pauly, Matthias; Sroka, Mario; Reiß, Julius; Rinke, Gordon; Albarghash, Alyazan; Vogelgesang, Ralf; Hahne, Hannes; Küster, Bernhard; Sesterhenn, Jörn; Kern, Klaus; Rauschenbach, Stephan

doi:10.1039/c3an01836a

Cited by 51 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The pMS community is already heavily invested in the development of innovative MS equipment, often with the aim of higher intensity and efficiency (46,47,53). However, these sources will be developed only if applications are in sight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leading experiments have demonstrated mass-filtered currents up to 10 nA in high vacuum (47) or 1.5 nA in UHV (with 6 nA in high vacuum) (46). However, even with ion currents in the high nanoampere range, ES-IBD is an academic tool, because technological coating applications require even higher fluences.…”

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the absolute ion current, pMS setups often use larger-diameter inlet capillaries and compensate for the increased gas load by higher pumping speeds (40,46,47). Leading experiments have demonstrated mass-filtered currents up to 10 nA in high vacuum (47) or 1.5 nA in UHV (with 6 nA in high vacuum) (46).…”

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the introduction of a radio frequency (RF) ion funnel (45), which effectively collimates the ions entering the vacuum through the atmospheric interface into a usable ion beam, reduced the ion losses in vacuum such that they are minor compared with the losses in the atmospheric interface (46,47).…”

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is missing from the development of highly efficient, intense ion sources is a deep understanding of ion transport in the vacuum interface, or more general, in fast-moving, compressible media. Simple hydrodynamic optimization by a funnel-shaped capillary inlet transmits currents up to 80 nA at unit transmission to the first pumping stage of the MS vacuum system, whereas the same interface with a conventionally designed inlet operated at only 10% transmission (46). This finding demonstrates that the precise quantification of losses caused by space charge, diffusion, and electric fields, combined with a rational approach toward optimizing gas flow, can lead to a much higher transmission efficiency and absolute ion current, ultimately leading ESI toward commercial coating applications.…”

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Spectrometry as a Preparative Tool for the Surface Science of Large Molecules

Rauschenbach

Ternes

Harnau

et al. 2016

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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Measuring and understanding the complexity that arises when nanostructures interact with their environment are one of the major current challenges of nanoscale science and technology. High-resolution microscopy methods such as scanning probe microscopy have the capacity to investigate nanoscale systems with ultimate precision, for which, however, atomic scale precise preparation methods of surface science are a necessity. Preparative mass spectrometry (pMS), defined as the controlled deposition of m/z filtered ion beams, with soft ionization sources links the world of large, biological molecules and surface science, enabling atomic scale chemical control of molecular deposition in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Here we explore the application of high-resolution scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy to the characterization of structure and properties of large molecules. We introduce the fundamental principles of the combined experiments electrospray ion beam deposition and scanning tunneling microscopy. Examples for the deposition and investigation of single particles, for layer and film growth, and for the investigation of electronic properties of individual nonvolatile molecules show that state-of-the-art pMS technology provides a platform analog to thermal evaporation in conventional molecular beam epitaxy. Additionally, it offers additional, unique features due to the use of charged polyatomic particles. This new field is an enormous sandbox for novel molecular materials research and demands the development of advanced molecular ion beam technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Need For Intense Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mass Spectrometry as a Preparative Tool for the Surface Science of Large Molecules

Rauschenbach

Ternes

Harnau

et al. 2016

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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Ion Soft‐Landing of Permanently Charged Molecular Ions and Their Charge Retention on Surfaces

Warneke

Knorke²,

Charvát

et al. 2022

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Ion soft‐landing, also often called “preparative mass spectrometry,” is a method that allows the deposition of mass‐selected ions onto surfaces without fragmentation. This technique is usually performed using a conductive deposition target. Generally, charge transfer to the surface results in the neutralization of the deposited ions. However, charge retention of the ions can also occur if the deposited ions are electronically very stable or the surface is covered by an insulating layer. The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to fundamental physical models, including detailed mathematical deviations, which contribute to the understanding of the interaction between a layer of deposited ions and approaching ions. First, a historical overview of the experimental evidence for charge retention of soft‐landed ions is given and the classes of molecular ions predominantly used in these studies are introduced. Subsequently, physical models are introduced, considering the influence of a variety of parameters including surface size, ionic layer size, distance between deposited ions, and thickness of insulating layers. Finally, the effects which become important above the monolayer coverage of ions are discussed.

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Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen

et al. 2018

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Die Fähigkeit, mehratomige Ionen, bei denen Aufbau, Ladungszustand und kinetische Energie wohldefiniert sind, auf Oberflächen aufzutragen, macht die präparative Massenspektrometrie, auch “sanfte Landung von Ionen” (SLI) genannt, attraktiv für die Herstellung einheitlicher Molekül‐ und Ionenschichten. Nachdem in frühen Studien die Strukturen, Ladungszustände und Reaktivitäten von dünn verteilten, sanft gelandeten Arten charakterisiert wurden, haben Ionisationsquellen mit hohem Durchsatz neue Möglichkeiten eröffnet für die kontrollierte Herstellung zweidimensionaler Anordnungen und dreidimensionaler mehrschichtiger Gebilde durch SLI. Dadurch wurden zuvor unbekannte Phänomene entdeckt und aufregende neue Forschungsrichtungen eröffnet. Das schnellere Ablagern ermöglicht darüber hinaus die Herstellung von neuen funktionalen Objekten. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert Entwicklungen in Bezug auf die Präparation wohldefinierter Schnittstellen für Studien zur Energiespeicherung, Katalyse, weiche Materialien und Biologie.

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A hydrodynamically optimized nano-electrospray ionization source and vacuum interface

Cited by 51 publications

References 57 publications

Mass Spectrometry as a Preparative Tool for the Surface Science of Large Molecules

Mass Spectrometry as a Preparative Tool for the Surface Science of Large Molecules

Ion Soft‐Landing of Permanently Charged Molecular Ions and Their Charge Retention on Surfaces

Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen

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