A intervenção da coroa nas instituições de protecção social de 1750 a 1820

Institutional investors in the Portuguese credit market (1550–1800): The case of the Misericórdias

“…Even resorting to law courts or private order institutions did not solve loan non-compliance issues (Rodrigues 2019a(Rodrigues , 2019c. In this context, the crown started to meddle in the confraternity's credit activity (Lopes 2008). Although a collection of decrees was issued to regulate the volume of credit and the collaterals that backed up the contracts, these texts proved unsuccessful and in 1775 the ban on participation in the private credit market was enacted.…”

“…Additionally, there was the perception that should cases go to court, judicial rulings were uncertain, which aggravated the risk of lending to the private sector even more. 22 Missed annual interest payments, default on credit and debtors' bankruptcies were common scenarios in the Misericórdias' lending activities (Lopes 2008). For some Misericórdias, such as that of Lisbon, the non-compliance of private credit contracts took significant proportions, hovering around 70 per cent of all loans (Rodrigues 2019a(Rodrigues , 2019c.…”

“…26 Henriques and Palma (2023) argue that while Iberian political institutions worsened during the early modern period, those of England improved. 27 The number of bonds increased sharply in 1775 due to the royal donation of all assets belonging to Jesuit confraternities after the Jesuits had been expelled by the marquis of Pombal in 1759 (Lopes 2008). yielding 455,000 réis.…”

“…Like the Misericórdia of Porto, that of Lisbon stopped investing in government bonds in 1712. After that date, it only participated in the public credit market between 1784 and 1791, after the crown's regulation of its credit activity (Lopes 2008; Rodrigues 2019b). Figure 4 also shows that from the 1730s onwards, the Misericórdia of Lisbon strengthened its participation in private lending.…”

Francisco Antônio de Sampaio: de cirurgião a homem de ciências (Vila de Cachoeira, Bahia, c. 1780)

“…O momento da transferência do hospital de Cachoeira para a ordem religiosa de S. João de Deus, em 1754, foi marcado pela busca de maior controle por parte da Coroa sobre as instituições de assistência, tanto no Reino como no ultramar (Santana, 2017, p. 43;Lopes, 2008). De acordo com Santana, alguns anos após a morte de Velho, os hospitaleiros da ordem de S. João de Deus foram afastados de sua administração, por conta de denúncias de má conduta, desferidas pelo bispo da Bahia (Santana, 2017, p. 51).…”