A ${K}$ -Band High-Gain and Low-Noise Folded CMOS Mixer Using Current-Reuse and Cross-Coupled Techniques

Peng, Yan; He, Jin; Hou, Haomin; Wang, Hao; Chang, Sheng; Huang, Qijun; Zhu, Yu

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2941048

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Published data in the 10-140 GHz range are reported in Figure 23. Single-balanced (SB) papers are separated from double-balanced (DB) ones and from Gilbert cell derivatives using special feedthrough reduction techniques [104][105][106][107]. Such techniques often involve inductors to resonate with parasitic capacitors at mixing pairs common nodes.…”

Section: Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Trends and Paradigms of Low Noise Frequency Synthesis and Signal Conversion Using Silicon Technologies

2022

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Silicon technologies for HF applications have been proven for more than two decades, and technologies have greatly evolved. Whether CMOS or BiCMOS technologies, the unique combination of radio frequency, baseband, and digital functions allow a very high level of integration. While it is possible to achieve fully integrated transceivers, the major advantages of these silicon technologies lie mainly in their unparalleled performance in the field of frequency synthesis and frequency conversion. We propose in this paper a review of the major results obtained on these RF components since the beginning of the 2000s, also considering the impact of the technology node. The back-end of line (BEOL) process on which depends the quality of microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) is briefly presented in the introductory part. If circuit performances are tightly bound to the active devices (i.e., the heterojunction bipolar transistor SiGe HBT or CMOS transistor), passive elements (i.e., quality factor of inductors and varactors, losses of transmission, or interconnection lines) as well as the definition of the substrate also play a major role. The core of the article is oriented toward the noise of synthesized signals and frequency conversion. Frequency synthesis is presented through the analog design of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) or through the direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS), for which respective figures of merit are presented and discussed in a second section. The spectral purity of the oscillators being decisive in the definition of the throughput of a link is approached through the comparison of different figures of merit (FoM) for a set of circuits achievements over the selected period. If the realization of free oscillators is closely bound to the phase-locked loop (PLL)-type control loop for VCOs, the DDFS solution provides more direct and more flexible alternative at first sight. Therefore, these two solutions are analyzed collectively. Finally, the oscillator integrated in the transmitter or receiver supplies the needed LO (local oscillator) power to the frequency mixer in the frequency conversion module: henceforth, the third part of this study focuses on high-frequency mixer realizations. We thus consider this LO power in some advanced figure of merit mentioned in the second section. The design trade-off of the mixer is presented in an approach combining LO (conversion gain, channel isolation, and phase noise) and RF (HF noise figure and channel isolation) constraints. The final section provides a summary of the results and trends mentioned in the paper.

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Section: Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Trends and Paradigms of Low Noise Frequency Synthesis and Signal Conversion Using Silicon Technologies

2022

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“…In addition, a 28 GHz bidirectional active mixer based on the Gilbert-cell topology was proposed to achieve both down-and upconversion [13]. A K-band folded down-conversion doublebalanced mixer based on the Gilbert-cell topology was also proposed to enhance the conversion gain and noise figure (NF) [14]. A 57-66 GHz down-conversion mixer employing the current-reused LO-boosting technique was presented to achieve a high conversion gain with a low LO input power [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

24–40 GHz mmWave Down-Conversion Mixer With Broadband Capacitor-Tuned Coupled Resonators for 5G New Radio Cellular Applications

Lee

Park

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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In this paper, a 24-40 GHz broadband millimeter-wave (mmWave) down-conversion doublebalanced mixer with a dual-band local oscillator (LO) buffer employing RF and IF coupled resonators is presented for 5G new radio (NR) frequency range 2 (FR2) cellular applications. The proposed mixer comprises a transformer-coupled gm-boosted common-gate (CG) Gm-stage, a single-to-differential currentto-current RF capacitor-tuned coupled resonator, active switching stages with dual-band three-stage LO buffers, a current-to-voltage IF coupled resonator with gain equalization, and a wideband IF buffer with a transformer-based balun. The transformer-coupled gm-boosted CG Gm-stage improves the NF and provides broadband input power matching. RF and IF coupled resonators enable an RF operating frequency range of 24-40 GHz and IF 1 dB bandwidth of more than 0.8 GHz, respectively. The implemented mixer was fabricated using a 40 nm CMOS process and characterized primarily in the 5G NR FR2 bands. The active die area was 0.654 mm 2 , and the mixer drew a bias current of 16 mA from a nominal supply voltage of 1.1 V. The mixer exhibited an RF operating frequency range of 24-40 GHz, noise figure of 12.4 dB, conversion gain of 1.2 dB, IF 1 dB bandwidth of 1.1 GHz, and output-referred third-order intercept point of 6.8 dBm.INDEX TERMS 5G, broadband, capacitor-tuned, cellular, coupled resonator, frequency range 2 (FR2), down-conversion mixer, dual-band, gain equalization, gm-boosted, LO buffer, millimeter-wave (mmWave), new radio (NR)

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“…Therefore, in order to ensure the IF bandwidth, the IF stage of the up-/down conversion mixer needs to be handled carefully, which has a major impact on the IF bandwidth of the mixer, and the gain also affects the overall performance. A common solution is to use TIA as the input stage or output buffer [22,23,24,25,26], which has a positive gain and the input impedance meets the requirements of broadband design [22]. In addition, the principle of the inverter makes it have suitable linearity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of high frequency behaviors of the self-biased TIA stage and implementation of an up-conversion mixer in millimeter-wave/terahertz band

Yang

2022

IEICE Electron. Express

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TIA (Trans-Impedance Amplifier) is usually selected as the input stage of the up-conversion mixers or the output buffer of the downconversion mixers. In this paper, we analysis the frequency limitations of the traditional self-biased TIA and propose an applicable model in millimeter-wave band. Then a high and wide IF millimeter-wave/terahertz band up-conversion mixer based on a 55-nm CMOS process is designed. The measured IF 3-dB bandwidth is 10.7 GHz, from 23.8 GHz to 34.5 GHz, and the RF frequency is from 121.5 GHz to 132.2 GHz. The DC consumption is only 8 mW under 1.2-V supply.

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A ${K}$ -Band High-Gain and Low-Noise Folded CMOS Mixer Using Current-Reuse and Cross-Coupled Techniques

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Evolution Trends and Paradigms of Low Noise Frequency Synthesis and Signal Conversion Using Silicon Technologies

Evolution Trends and Paradigms of Low Noise Frequency Synthesis and Signal Conversion Using Silicon Technologies

24–40 GHz mmWave Down-Conversion Mixer With Broadband Capacitor-Tuned Coupled Resonators for 5G New Radio Cellular Applications

Analysis of high frequency behaviors of the self-biased TIA stage and implementation of an up-conversion mixer in millimeter-wave/terahertz band

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