“…Subsequently, many international education programs (IEP) reliant on student mobility, such as international enrollments, study abroad programs, and international placements, were adversely impacted, leading educators to seek alternative digital solutions. Common barriers to the conventional IEP strategies employed by HEIs are scalability constraints, limitations due to academic planning calendars, work-life balance constraints (Ndubuisi et al, 2020), political instability of host countries, students' financial constraints, and safety concerns (Institute of International Education, 2019). Other barriers include potential delay in academic graduation, difficulties with the transferability of international credits, limited access for underrepresented social groups or countries, and fear of negative stereotyping (Soria & Troisi, 2014).…”