A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical spine and the occipital condyles

Chancey, Valeta Carol; Ottaviano, Danielle; Myers, Barry S.; Nightingale, Roger W.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.09.007

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Regarding the nonexistence of bilateral asymmetry of the occipital condyles, our results are in agreement with those of other populations [17,18]. Additionally, the present study confirms the results of Natsis and his colleagues [15] regarding the presence of sexual dimorphism in the foramen magnum region in the modern Greek population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Estimating Sex of Modern Greeks Based on the Foramen Magnum Region

Chovalopoulou

2017

Journal of Anthropology

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Sex determination is one of the principal aims when examining human skeletal remains. One method for sex determination is based on metric criteria using discriminant functions. However, discriminant function sexing formulas are population-specific. In the present study, we determined the use of the foramen magnum as well as the occipital condyles for sex determination on adults from a modern Greek population. Seven parameters were examined (4 obtained from the foramen magnum; 3 obtained from the occipital condyles) and the sample consisted of 154 adult crania (77 males and 77 females). The results indicate that the foramen magnum region exhibits sexual dimorphism and the mean values for all parameters were higher in males than females. In comparison, the occipital condyles provide a higher determination of the correct sex than the foramen magnum. The combination of the occipital condyle variables allowed for the development of discriminant functions that predicted the correct sex in 74% of all cases. Finally, although other anatomical regions can discriminate the sexes with higher accuracy, the functions developed in this study could be cautiously used in cases of fragmented crania.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Estimating Sex of Modern Greeks Based on the Foramen Magnum Region

Chovalopoulou

2017

Journal of Anthropology

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“…Larger deviations were found for vertical ICR position, where all model ICR were superior to the data, except for C7-C6. The C1-C0 ICR was at a similar location as estimated by Chancey [58]. The model estimate was slightly posterior (6 mm) and inferior (3.4 mm) to Chancey's estimate and respectively just outside and well within one standard deviation (SD) of the experimental data (posterior SD 5.8 mm, superior SD 8.6 mm).…”

Section: Instantaneous Joint Centers Of Rotationsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The semispinalis capitis, sternocleidomastoid, and obliquus capitis superior showed smaller extension moment arms at the C1-C0 joint than expected. Part of this difference can be explained by the more posterior model ICR position at C1-C0 compared to the experimental ICR found by Chancey et al [58].…”

Section: Moment Arm Matrixmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The ICR were placed at the median of these estimates along the mid sagittal plane (y = 0). ICR estimates were compared with experimental data by Anderst et al [57] for the lower spine (C7-C2) and Chancey et al [58] for the upper spine (C1-C0). The axis (C2-C1) ICR was not evaluated as its motion is primarily in twist.…”

Section: Instantaneous Joint Centers Of Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of isometric cervical strength with a nonlinear musculoskeletal model with 48 degrees of freedom

2015

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Background:Musculoskeletal models served to analyze head-neck motion and injury during automotive impact. Although muscle activation is known to affect the kinematic response, a model with properly validated muscle contributions does not exist to date. The goal of this study was to enhance a musculoskeletal neck model and to validate passive properties, muscle moment arms, maximum isometric strength, and muscle activity.Methods: A dynamic nonlinear musculoskeletal model of the cervical spine with 48 degrees of freedom was extended with 129 bilateral muscle segments. The stiffness of the passive ligamentous spine was validated in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Instantaneous joint centers of rotation were validated in flexion/extension, and muscle moment arms were validated in flexion/extension and lateral bending. A linearized static model was derived to predict isometric strength and muscle activation in horizontal head force and axial rotation tasks.Results: The ligamentous spine stiffness, instantaneous joint centers of rotation, muscle moment arms, cervical isometric strength, and muscle activation patterns were in general agreement with biomechanical data. Taking into account equilibrium of all neck joints, isometric strength was strongly reduced in flexion (46 %) and axial rotation (81 %) compared to a simplified solution only considering equilibrium around T1-C7, while effects were marginal in extension (3 %).Conclusions: For the first time, isometric strength and muscle activation patterns were accurately predicted using a neck model with full joint motion freedom. This study demonstrates that model strength will be overestimated particularly in flexion and axial rotation if only muscular moment generation at T1-C7 is taken into account and equilibrium in other neck joints is disregarded.

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“…Ishii et al (2006) studied the spatial kinematics of the cervical spine during lateral bending while Konz et al (2006) investigated the spatial kinematics of spinal during walking. Chanceya et al (2007) determined the center of rotation of the upper cervical considering pure bending. Gill et al (2007) examined the effect of changes in horizontal lift distance on the amount of flexion in different spine regions according to different lift styles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jerk Analysis of the Spine by Means of a Parallel Manipulator

Gallardo-Alvarado

2009

International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems

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A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical spine and the occipital condyles

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Estimating Sex of Modern Greeks Based on the Foramen Magnum Region

Estimating Sex of Modern Greeks Based on the Foramen Magnum Region

Analysis of isometric cervical strength with a nonlinear musculoskeletal model with 48 degrees of freedom

Jerk Analysis of the Spine by Means of a Parallel Manipulator

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