A kinetic energy model of two-vehicle crash injury severity

Sobhani, Amir; Young, William; Logan, David; Bahrololoom, Sareh

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.021

Cited by 66 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The purpose of this research was to assess the likely effect of three alternative infrastructure changes, with a further combined intervention of lower speed limit plus site-specific rumble strips. Whilst assumptions are made about the speed reduction effectiveness of these measures and driver compliance, the findings demonstrate that each of the interventions resulted in sizeable reductions in impact speed, translating to lower kinetic energy from which injury is a product (Campbell 1974;Sobhani et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of alternative intersection treatments at rural crossroads using simulation software

Peiris

Corben²,

Nieuwesteeg

et al. 2018

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Rural roads are characterised by hazardous roadsides and suboptimal geometry, yet allow for high travel speeds and unfavourable impact angles. In Victoria, 25% of persons seriously injured and 52% of fatalities occur on rural roads, with 30% occurring at intersections (Transport Accident Commision, 2016; Victorian Parliament Road Safety Committee 2002). In the USA, almost twice the number of traffic fatalities occur in rural areas than in urban areas, whilst accounting for less than half of all vehicle miles travelled and 21% of the population (NHTSA 2002). The choice of safety countermeasure is therefore paramount. Simulation software provides a cost-effective means of analysing alternative intersection treatments with a view to identifying their effectiveness in mitigating crashes. The aim of this research was to assess the safety benefits of four alternative intersection treatments using in-depth crash data with an advanced crash reconstruction process.Method: Using a single serious injury real-world crash from the MUARC Enhanced Crash Investigation Study (ECIS, Fitzharris et al., 2015) and crash reconstruction software, an exemplar rural crash was reconstructed and validated against real-world data. The crash involved a passenger vehicle (EuroNCAP 5*) approaching from a minor road and failing to yield at a 'give-way' sign; the posted speed limit was 80 km/h. The vehicle was struck on the right/driver side by a rigid truck (B-vehicle; 1990) travelling on the major approach (100 km/h). The driver of the case vehicle was seriously injured. Four alternative intersection treatments appropriate for the crash site were constructed in CAD software (Rhinoceros V5): roundabout; rumble strips; a reduced speed limit and the combination of lower speed limit and rumbles to determine the reduction in crash forces in the presence of the countermeasures. Results:The hypothetical scenarios demonstrate substantial reductions in impact force and different points of impact, resulting in a significantly lower injury severity for the struck driver. Speed limit reduction to 80 km/h on the main approach (from 100 km/h) in combination with rumble strips on both intersection approaches had the most favorable outcome with the crash avoided entirely, assuming speed compliance. Discussion:The findings have implications for understanding the role of speed in crashes, and hence the design of effective countermeasures. Simulation software, validated using real-world data, provides a cost effective means of evaluating alternative intersection treatments for rural intersections. Scaled up, implementing these treatments would have significant safety benefits and reduce the road trauma currently associated with rural roads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of alternative intersection treatments at rural crossroads using simulation software

Peiris

Corben²,

Nieuwesteeg

et al. 2018

Traffic Injury Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…MGOL model estimates for higher speed limit results in a parameter that is normally distributed with a mean 0.359 and standard deviation 0.447, which indicates that almost 78% of the drivers cannot evade early death for the crashes occurring on higher speed limit roads. Higher speed, representing average driving speed, significantly increases the kinetic energy of crashes (Elvik, 2004;Sobhani et al, 2011) resulting in medical complications with multiple injuries and traumatic brain injury to the victims (Weninger and Hertz, 2007). Further, the cabin intrusion caused by high mechanical force of such crash might also increase the extrication time of victims from the damaged vehicle (Weninger and Hertz, 2007).…”

Section: Roadway Design and Operational Attributesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analyzing the continuum of fatal crashes: A generalized ordered approach

Yasmin

Eluru

Pinjari

2015

Analytic Methods in Accident Research

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“…During a car crash, the kinetic energy of the car is released into the bodies of the passengers who are propelled toward the windshield. Their acceleration relative to the car depends on the speed of the vehicle prior to the impact and the accumulation of energy during the crash (Sobhani, Young, Logan, & Bahrololoom, 2011). As a complement to seatbelts, the presence of airbags is now considered as a key factor for survival during a crash.…”

Section: Airbagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of a crash involving two moving vehicles, the kinetic energy of the crash may double if the collision is frontal. To help car manufacturers determine the requirements of their airbags, Sobhani et al (2011) developed a model allowing the estimate of the injury severity in the case of a twovehicle crash based on the calculation of the collision kinetic energy using the car speed, total mass, angle of collision, etc.…”

Section: Airbagsmentioning

confidence: 99%