A kinetic study of histopathological changes in the subcutis of cats injected with non-adjuvanted and adjuvanted multi-component vaccines

Day, Michael; Schoon, H-A; Magnol, J. P.; Saik, J.; Devauchelle, Patrick; Truyen, Uwe; Gruffydd-Jones, Tim; Cozette, V.; Jas, D.; Poulet, Hervé; Pollmeier, Matthias; Jc, Thibault

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.049

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the cat model, the observed greater tissue reaction in subcutaneous tissue 55 compared with muscle 56 can be attributed to delayed absorption of substances from the subcutaneous injection site. 57 In humans, immunoglobulin is more rapidly absorbed after intramuscular compared with subcutaneous injection.…”

Section: © 2 0 0 8 L a N D E S B I O S C I E N C E D O N O T D I S mentioning

confidence: 91%

Evidence based route of administration of vaccines

Cook¹

2008

Human Vaccines

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Section: © 2 0 0 8 L a N D E S B I O S C I E N C E D O N O T D I S mentioning

confidence: 91%

Evidence based route of administration of vaccines

Cook¹

2008

Human Vaccines

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“…However, a recent report indicated that cats with sarcomas in the rear lower limb were less likely to have received recombinant rabies vaccine without adjuvant than an adjuvanted inactivated rabies vaccine (Srivastav et al, 2012). Non-adjuvanted vaccines induced less severe inflammation than adjuvanted vaccines at the subcutaneous injection site in cats (Day et al, 2007). Sarcomas have also been reported in cats in association with injections other than vaccines including long acting penicillin and corticosteroid medications (Kass et al, 2003; Srivastav et al, 2012).…”

Section: Safety Of Aluminum-containing Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Immunopotentiation and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants

HogenEsch¹

2013

Front. Immun.

309

281

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Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in preventive vaccines against infectious diseases and in preparations for allergy immunotherapy. The mechanism by which they enhance the immune response remains poorly understood. Aluminum adjuvants selectively stimulate a Th2 immune response upon injection of mice and a mixed response in human beings. They support activation of CD8 T cells, but these cells do not undergo terminal differentiation to cytotoxic T cells. Adsorption of antigens to aluminum adjuvants enhances the immune response by facilitating phagocytosis and slowing the diffusion of antigens from the injection site which allows time for inflammatory cells to accumulate. The adsorptive strength is important as high affinity interactions interfere with the immune response. Adsorption can also affect the physical and chemical stability of antigens. Aluminum adjuvants activate dendritic cells via direct and indirect mechanisms. Phagocytosis of aluminum adjuvants followed by disruption of the phagolysosome activates NLRP3-inflammasomes resulting in the release of active IL-1β and IL-18. Aluminum adjuvants also activate dendritic cells by binding to membrane lipid rafts. Injection of aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines causes the release of uric acid, DNA, and ATP from damaged cells which in turn activate dendritic cells. The use of aluminum adjuvant is limited by weak stimulation of cell-mediated immunity. This can be enhanced by addition of other immunomodulatory molecules. Adsorption of these molecules is determined by the same mechanisms that control adsorption of antigens and can affect the efficacy of such combination adjuvants. The widespread use of aluminum adjuvants can be attributed in part to the excellent safety record based on a 70-year history of use. They cause local inflammation at the injection site, but also reduce the severity of systemic and local reactions by binding biologically active molecules in vaccines.

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“…In an experimental study, cats treated with adjuvanted vaccine, including an aluminium-based adjuvant, had more inflammation than those treated with nonadjuvanted vaccines. Moreover, there was evidence of residual adjuvant material at the injection site [353]. Lipid-adjuvanted vaccines also resulted in inflammation in cats at the injection site [354].…”

Section: The Possible Role Of Chronic Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats: The Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation—A Review

Woodward¹

2011

ISRN Veterinary Science

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The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

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A kinetic study of histopathological changes in the subcutis of cats injected with non-adjuvanted and adjuvanted multi-component vaccines

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Evidence based route of administration of vaccines

Evidence based route of administration of vaccines

Mechanism of Immunopotentiation and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants

Origins of Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats: The Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation—A Review

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