“…Transparency has been defined as surjective functions for justifying test vectors and injective functions for propagating test responses. Surjective and injective functions are referred to in the literature as S-Paths and FPaths respectively [10], while bijective functions, satisfying both properties, are referred to as I-Paths and T-Paths [11]. Several variations of surjective, injective, and bijective functions, including Ambiguity Sets [1], Transparency Modes [2], and Transparency Properties [9], have also been used in order to improve efficiency and reduce cost.…”