“…This is mainly blamed on scalability (19,46): icon-based programming was fine for small sized programs but for commercial sized software with large scale architecture and much more complex logic, the iconic programs became too difficult to understand and work with: program readability was the limiting issue (20). Iconic programming was therefore relegated to the introductory teaching of computer programming where only small programs are attempted (21,22,23,24,25,26,27,10,28,29,30,31,32) and also to specialist programming areas such as distributed process control (33), databases (34,35,36,37,38), image processing (39,40), testing (27,41), distributed systems (42), signal processing (43) and robotics (28,44) where only relatively small coding changes are made. The scalability problem (19) is that large iconic programs became too difficult to design and understand with large amounts of complex code represented as icons connected by lines in large 2D diagrams: the diagrams became too confusing with so many connecting lines.…”