A laboratory manual for work in general science, by Otis W. Caldwell, W. L. Eikenberry, and Charles J. Pieper.

Abstract

Laboratory work and the experiences of home and school furnish an important basis for the course in general science. The following outlines for experiments and demonstrations have been developed so as to include the exercises which have proved most valuable for use in the first year of the high school. The outlines are the result of the cooperative work of several high-school teachers through a period of years, and have been tried with more than a thousand pupils. Experiments other than those here included have been tried, bat through constant trial, elimination, and addition the work has assumed its present form. It is the purpose of the outlines to direct the pupils into the habit of finding out about many kinds of common problems in science. To do this in the best way common materials are used for experimentation, since common and simple phenomena are likely to be more educative for young pupils than those which are uncommon and complex. The materials needed are listed in connection with each exercise. It is hoped that teachers will encourage pupils to use their own initiative in devising new ways to perform the experiments, as well as in working out additional problems which are sure to be suggested in the discussion of the experiments here outlined. At the close of the directions for work, one or more additional problems are suggested, and the use of these as topics for discussion will make the work more valuable. The exercises have been planned so that each one requires a shorter period of continuous attention than is usually true in the more advanced laboratory work in high-school science. Experience has shown that first-year pupils work more effectively when the units of work assigned are relatively short and definite. This plan results in a larger number of exercises than would be used in a more advanced course in. science. In many cases, however, two or more exercises may be performed in a single laboratory period. Supplementary or alternative experiments, which sometimes require more complex apparatus, are often given. These supplementary experiments are indicated by the same arabic number as the preceding experiment, but with a letter added. Thus 22 A is an experiment which may be used in addition to or instead of Exercise 22. When diagrams, charts, or graphs are called for, the proper kind of paper for such work is provided. The Directions to Students should be carefully read by teacher and pupils. These directions, in addition to giving instructions about how to proceed, are designed to develop interest and give the proper point of view. The outlines are provided in both bound form and in loose-leaf form. The loose-leaf form makes it possible for teachers who wish to vary the order to do so. THE AUTHORS [iii] '32 27. A product of the burning candle 28. Is water a simple substance, or is it composed of more than one simple substance ? .... 2i>. What is the nature of oxygen the less abundant gas formed in the decomposition of water? 30. What is the nature of hydrogen the more abundant gas formed in th...

A Large Signal Theory of Traveling Wave Amplifiers

“…Equations (6) and (7) have the advantage of not being restricted by the boundary conditions at z = 0 and D, which we have just imposed to derive (4) and (5). Actually, we can derive (6) and (7) directly from the Brillouin model 13 in the following manner.…”

Determination of bupivacaine and metabolites in rat urine using capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometric detection

“…The trailing edge of the peak is composed of a metabolite of bupivacaine with hydroxylation occurring on the piperidine ring as well as the aromatic region. Although aromatic hydroxylation of bupivacaine is well known [1,2,[12][13][14], only a few papers have reported hydroxylation on the piperidine ring [3,4].…”

“…Desbutylbupivacaine, 3'-hydroxybupivacaine, and 4'-hydroxybupivacaine as well as a number of other metabolites of bupivacaine have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The development of analytical methods for the analysis of bupivacaine in biological samples is important for understanding the metabolic fate and tissue distribution following administration of the drug.…”

“…Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic used extensively for chronic and acute pain treatment, and its metabolism has been studied in several animal models [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Desbutylbupivacaine, 3'-hydroxybupivacaine, and 4'-hydroxybupivacaine as well as a number of other metabolites of bupivacaine have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…The development of analytical methods for the analysis of bupivacaine in biological samples is important for understanding the metabolic fate and tissue distribution following administration of the drug. Bupivacaine and its metabolites have been studied in biological samples using a variety of techniques including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For the analysis of bupivacaine in rat urine, TLC has been used following liquidliquid extraction [1].…”