A Late Pleistocene palynoflora from the coastal area of Songkhla Lake, southern Thailand

Abstract

A sediment sample dating from the Late Pleistocene from Ban Bo So, Singha Nakhon district, Songkhla province, in the Sathingpra Peninsula of southern Thailand was extracted for palynological study. The predominance of mangrove palynomorphs, which are from various families including Rhizophoraceae, Sonneratiaceae, and Avicenniaceae, infers a marine deposit in a tidal environment. Other pollen is representative of tropical plants in back mangrove forest, beach forest, swamp, and lowland-montane forest. The presence of a mangrove community is indicative of a high sea level whereas inland pollen types suggest a tropical vegetation.

The biogeography of the Isthmus of Kra region: a review

“…About 31 kyBP Songkhla Lake supported a mangrove community (Rugmai et al 2008). It was then exposed to the atmosphere during the Last Glacial Maximum, contained mangrove 8420–8190 yBP, freshwater swamps 7880–7680 yBP, true peat swamp forest 2220–2350 yBP, before the swamp was burned and destroyed (Horton et al 2005, Rugmai et al 2008, Choowong 2011). The causes of some vegetation changes, including mangrove decline, may be varied and difficult to disentangle (Allen 1990).…”

Mid-Holocene mangrove succession and its response to sea-level change in the upper Mekong River delta, Cambodia

“…However, in the lowest part of subzone PSG-IIa in addition to S. alba (30%), S. caseolaris (10%) and Barringtonia (8%) pollen as well as Acrostichum spore (2%) appear. Both Sonneratia and Barringtonia plants are both pollinated by bats and insects, and their flowers are ephemeral (Rugmaia et al, 2008). Their pollen is of similar representation.…”

Dipterocarpus Gaertn. (Dipterocarpaceae) leaf from the Middle Siwalik of eastern Nepal and its phytogeographic and climatic significance

“…belongs to Dipterocarpoideae and envelops 70 species distributed in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China, Yunnan, Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo and Philippines (Mabberley 2008). The fossil record of the genus is well represented in the form of wood (Srivastava et al 2014 and references there in), leaves (Prasad 2008) and pollen (Muller 1981;Songtham et al 2005;Rugmai et al 2008), however its fruits are very rare (Grote 2007). In the present communication, we report a fossil leaf impression of Dipterocarpus from the Siwalik sediments of eastern Nepal (Fig.…”