The biogeography of the Isthmus of Kra region: a review

Parnell, John A. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00121.x

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…3 and 4, respectively. During the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 20,000 years ago, sea levels dropped to about 120 m below the current level, exposing part of the Sunda Shelf (Voris, 2000) that became a major land barrier for the dispersal of marine species between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean (Parnell, 2013). Today, the Malay Peninsula is thought to still serve as a land barrier that limits gene flow between populations along its coasts.…”

Section: Population Genetic Structurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this case, a species' dispersal over long distances, or over a physical barrier, may be hindered. The Malay Peninsula is a popular modern-day land barrier that limits the dispersal of marine species across the peninsula, significantly reducing gene flow between populations of the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean (Parnell, 2013). With this in mind, it is important to understand the levels and patterns of genetic variation in the horseshoe crab populations in order to identify areas of conservation priority, and to devise more soundly methods for species management and conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Malay Peninsula as a barrier to gene flow in an Asian horseshoe crab species, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille

Adibah

Tan

2015

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

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a b s t r a c tHorseshoe crabs are marine arthropods that are amongst the oldest living creatures that still exist today. Among the four extant species of horseshoe crabs, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda differs from the other species by having poisonous eggs and lays its eggs in sandy-mud areas near river mouths. With the rapid development of coastal areas worldwide, C. rotundicauda habitats are decreasing. Until now, however, there has not been any study on the species' genetic variation. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to study the genetic variation in five C. rotundicauda populations from the east and west coasts of the Malay Peninsula. Both markers showed differing levels of genetic variation, but concurred on the pattern of genetic structuring among populations of the species. This includes showing that little, although significant, genetic differentiation is present among populations, suggesting a low rate of gene flow among populations. The results also suggested that C. rotundicauda may be subjected to the land barrier effect of the Malay Peninsula, whereby gene flow is limited between populations occurring on both sides of the peninsula, increasing their genetic differentiation through time.

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Section: Population Genetic Structurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Malay Peninsula as a barrier to gene flow in an Asian horseshoe crab species, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille

Adibah

Tan

2015

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

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“…nov. is apparently not absolutely restricted to areas of rainforest and wetter, aseasonal climate: a single specimen is known from Myanmar, and one from Koi Samui, which are areas of higher seasonality (Richardson et al 2012), and the Myanmar specimen is north of Wallace's line vegetation transition zone. The western side of the Peninsula is generally wetter than the east (Parnell 2013), which may partially explain the continuation of the range of C. glauca comb. nov. further north on the western side.…”

Section: Specialised Morphology Of Cheniella Gen Nov (2): Staminodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nov. to the north of this region, in Myanmar. This distribution coincides with that of other plant species, many of which are confined to areas north or south of the Isthmus (Parnell 2013). The primary phytogeographical transition zone of the Thai-Malay Peninsula occurs, however, around the Kangar-Pattani Line at 6˚-7˚ north, ca 450 km south of the Isthmus of Kra, where the Indochinese seasonal dry forests give way to Malesian aseasonal evergreen tropical forest (Woodruff 2010).…”

Section: Specialised Morphology Of Cheniella Gen Nov (2): Staminodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary phytogeographical transition zone of the Thai-Malay Peninsula occurs, however, around the Kangar-Pattani Line at 6˚-7˚ north, ca 450 km south of the Isthmus of Kra, where the Indochinese seasonal dry forests give way to Malesian aseasonal evergreen tropical forest (Woodruff 2010). A secondary vegetation transition zone is found ca 500 km north of the Kangar-Pattani Line, at Wallace's line between Mergui and Samut Songkram, where evergreen rainforest gives way to mixed moist deciduous forest (Hughes et al 2003;Woodruff 2010;Parnell 2013). The limits of the distributions of C. glauca comb.…”

Section: Specialised Morphology Of Cheniella Gen Nov (2): Staminodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cheniella gen. nov. (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) from southern China, Indochina and Malesia

Clark

Mackinder

Banks

2017

EJT

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Abstract. For much of the last thirty years, the caesalpinioid genus Bauhinia has been recognised by numerous authors as a broadly circumscribed, ecologically, morphologically and palynologically diverse pantropical taxon, comprising several subgenera. One of these, Bauhinia subg. Phanera has recently been reinstated at generic rank based on a synthesis of morphological and molecular data. Nevertheless, there remains considerable diversity within Phanera. Following a review of palynological and molecular studies of Phanera in conjunction with a careful re-examination of the morphological heterogeneity within the genus, we have found strong evidence that the species of Phanera subsect. Corymbosae are a natural group that warrant generic status. We describe here the genus Cheniella R.Clark & Mackinder gen. nov. to accommodate them. It comprises 10 species and 3 subspecies, one newly described here. Generic characters include leaves that are simple and emarginate or bilobed; flowers with elongate hypanthia which are as long as or much longer than the sepals; pods that are glabrous, compressed, oblong, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent; and with numerous seeds, the seeds bearing an unusually long funicle extending most of the way around their circumference. A further distinctive floral character was found to be a fleshy disc on which the staminodes are mounted. An analysis carried out for this study reveals Cheniella to be characterised by a pollen type that is unique to the genus and previously unknown in the Leguminosae. Species diversity is richest in southern China, the full distribution extending westward to India and south-and eastward through Indochina into Malesia.

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Mitochondrial DNA and two Y‐chromosome genes of common long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) throughout Thailand and vicinity

Bunlungsup

Imai

Hamada

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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Macaca fascicularis fascicularis is distributed over a wide area of Southeast Asia. Thailand is located at the center of their distribution range and is the bridge connecting the two biogeographic regions of Indochina and Sunda. However, only a few genetic studies have explored the macaques in this region. To shed some light on the evolutionary history of M. f. fascicularis, including hybridization with M. mulatta, M. f. fascicularis and M. mulatta samples of known origins throughout Thailand and the vicinity were analyzed by molecular phylogenetics using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including the hypervariable region 1, and Y-chromosomal DNA, including SRY and TSPY genes. The mtDNA phylogenetic analysis divided M. f. fascicularis into five subclades (Insular Indonesia, Sundaic Thai Gulf, Vietnam, Sundaic Andaman sea coast, and Indochina) and revealed genetic differentiation between the two sides of the Thai peninsula, which had previously been reported as a single group of Malay peninsular macaques. From the estimated divergence time of the Sundaic Andaman sea coast subclade, it is proposed that after M. f. fascicularis dispersed throughout Southeast Asia, some populations on the south-easternmost Indochina (eastern Thailand, southern Cambodia and southern Vietnam at the present time) migrated south-westwards across the land bridge, which was exposed during the glacial period of the late Pleistocene epoch, to the southernmost Thailand/northern peninsular Malaysia. Then, some of them migrated north and south to colonize the Thai Andaman sea coast and northern Sumatra, respectively. The SRY-TSPY phylogenetic analysis suggested that male-mediated gene flow from M. mulatta southward to M. f. fascicularis was restricted south of, but close to, the Isthmus of Kra. There was a strong impact of the geographical factors in Thailand, such as the Isthmus of Kra, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Phuket ranges and Sundaland, on M. f. fascicularis biogeography and their hybridization with M. mulatta.

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The biogeography of the Isthmus of Kra region: a review

Cited by 54 publications

References 151 publications

The Malay Peninsula as a barrier to gene flow in an Asian horseshoe crab species, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille

The Malay Peninsula as a barrier to gene flow in an Asian horseshoe crab species, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille

Cheniella gen. nov. (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) from southern China, Indochina and Malesia

Mitochondrial DNA and two Y‐chromosome genes of common long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) throughout Thailand and vicinity

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