A leaf vein-like hierarchical silver grids transparent electrode towards high-performance flexible electrochromic smart windows

Li, Teng; Li, Shengyou; Li, Xuyi; Zhang, Xu; Zhao, Jizhong; Shi, Yian; Wang, Yanan; Yu, Rui; Li, Xiangyang; Xu, Qingchi; Guo, Wenxi

doi:10.1016/j.scib.2019.11.028

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…reported the fabrication of a large‐area flexible TE based on leaf vein‐like hierarchical metal grids (HMG) comprising of a mesoscale ‘‘trunk” and microscale ‘‘branches.” [ 379 ] This metal grid‐based TE exhibited an optical transmittance of about 81% and a sheet resistance of 1.36 Ω sq −1 and was used in a flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) with very good cyclic performance, which corresponds to adequate requirements for integration within smart windows. [ 379 ] Another example of integration of metallic TEs concerns the investigation by Khaligh et al., who replaced ITO with a AgNW network for the TE used in polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart windows. [ 272 ] These authors obtained superior optoelectrical characteristics for the TE with AgNW networks compared to ITO.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes

Nguyễn

Papanastasiou

Resende³

et al. 2022

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Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical‐electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal‐based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal‐based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes

Nguyễn

Papanastasiou

Resende³

et al. 2022

Small

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“…18 Guo et al proposed the calculation of the transmittance of the crack nanomesh using eqs S1−S4, resulting in a transmittance of 81%. 33 Nevertheless, the STEs used in this study achieved a transmittance of 89.75% (a theoretical calculation value from eq S4 employed by Guo et al), while g (length of light transmission area) and a (width of the crack) are 400 and 10 μm, respectively. The transmittances of pure PDMS as the elastomer substrate and the fluoropolymer as the hydrophobic layer on PDMS (fluoropolymer/PDMS) are 93.14 and 91.02%, respectively, while the transmittances of the STEs are 83.90, 80.51, and 86.15% when embedded with AgNWs, CNTs, and PE-DOT:PSS, respectively, as shown in Figure 1e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The nanomesh structure can organize the conductive materials and enlarge the transparent area compared to the random AgNW network on the substrate’s surface . Guo et al proposed the calculation of the transmittance of the crack nanomesh using eqs S1–S4, resulting in a transmittance of 81% . Nevertheless, the STEs used in this study achieved a transmittance of 89.75% (a theoretical calculation value from eq S4 employed by Guo et al ), while g (length of light transmission area) and a (width of the crack) are 400 and 10 μm, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Stretchable Transparent Electrode via Wettability Self-Assembly in Mechanically Induced Self-Cracking

Qiu

Yang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Stretchable and transparent electrodes (STEs) are indispensable components in numerous emerging applications such as optoelectrical devices and wearable devices used in health monitoring, human–machine interaction, and artificial intelligence. However, STEs have limitations in conductivity, robustness, and transmittance owing to the exposure of the substrate and fatigue deformation of nanomaterials under strain. In this study, an STE consisting of conductive materials embedded in in situ self-cracking strain-spread channels by wettability self-assembly is fabricated. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the crevice growth using the representative unit cell network and strain deformation using a random network. The embedded conductive materials are partly protected by the strain-opening crevice channel, and network dissociation is avoided under stretching, showing a maximum strain of 125%, a transmittance of approximately 89.66% (excluding the substrate) with a square resistance of 9.8 Ω sq–1, and high stability in an environment with high temperature and moisture. The wettability self-assembly coating process is verified and expanded to several kinds of hydrophilic inks and hydrophobic coating materials. The fabricated STE can be employed as a strain sensor in motion sensing, vital sign and posture feedback, and mimicking bioelectronic spiderweb with spatial gravity induction.

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“…In addition, vein-shaped STCs were reported, in which combinations of large veins served as the primary conducting paths and combinations of small veins as the secondary conducting paths. 28 The transparency and conductivity of these structures were demonstrated as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%