A Li-contained air-stable cathode for high-performance all-organic lithium-ion batteries

Emerging Lithiated Organic Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Full Batteries

“…[51] The representative inorganic anode materials are commercial graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , which have been widely used in LIBs. [52,53] The reported anode materials matching with lithiated organic cathode materials are based on the organic C=O active sites (Li 2 TP, [27,33,34] Li 2 NTP, [38] Li 2 -DHNQ dimer, [39] Li 4 -p-DHT, [28,49] Li 2 -Mg-DHT, [29] etc.) and N=N (ADALS) active sites, [38] in addition to inorganic graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .…”

“…[49] The optimization of electrolytes and separators has been proved to be effective to improve the cycling performance of lithiated organic cathode materials. [33,40] For instance, Vlad et al found that the electrolyte solvent shows a much more significant effect on cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency of Li 2 -Mn-p-DHT-MOF than the electrolyte salt (Figure 4c). With lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the salt, the capacity retention in ether-based solvents is better than that in ionic liquids and carbonatebased solvents.…”

“…Together with a separator modified by Nafion to block organic molecules from the cathode to the anode side and Super P as an interlayer to prevent dissolution of active materials, Li‐TCNQ exhibits a high capacity retention of 85 % after 100 cycles (Figure 4d). [33] However, compared with the commercial inorganic cathode materials, the cycling stability of lithiated organic cathode materials needs to be further enhanced before practical application.…”

“…All‐organic asymmetric full batteries often use Li 2 TP or ADALS as the anode. For example, the full batteries composed of Li‐TCNQ cathode, Li 2 TP anode, and Nafion/Super P modified separator exhibit an output voltage of 1.6 V and a reversible capacity of 150 mAh g −1 at a current density of 20 mA g −1 (Figure 5c), as well as a capacity retention of 70 % after 50 cycles [33] …”

“…The thermal stability of lithiated materials is generally much higher than that of unlithiated materials owing to the strong ionic interactions between Li + and phenolate (Li−O bonds) in lithiated compounds. Specifically, the thermal decomposition temperatures of lithiated organic cathode materials are often higher than 300 °C under inert atmospheres [29, 33, 39, 40] . For instance, TG measurements indicate the increased stability of Li 2 ‐Mn‐ p ‐DHT‐MOF up to 500 °C, compared with H 2 ‐Mn‐ p ‐DHT‐MOF which degraded at ca.…”