“…An amplification technique based on the principle of inertia drive is proposed here for flapping. This technique has been successfully used in many applications, such as optical alignment (Gao et al, 2010; Li et al, 2019; Peng et al, 2015; Shimizu et al, 2013; Yang et al, 2010), microscopy (Bergander et al, 2002; Fatikow et al, 2008), micro/nano-handling (Lu et al, 2018; Rakotondrabe et al, 2009; Zhang et al, 2018), and biomedical manipulation (Kudoh et al, 1998). With reference to Figure 4, macroscopic flapping motion of the flapper can be accumulated by microscopic step movement, which is realized by inputting a series of asymmetric sawtooth waveform voltage shown in Figure 5.…”