A Linear Dynamic Model for Driving Behavior in Car Following

Abstract

In this paper a car-following model is formulated as a time-continuous dynamic process, depending on two parameters and two inputs. One of these inputs is the follower’s desired equilibrium spacing, assumed to exist and to be known. Another input is the speed of the lead vehicle. Given the formulation of the model, the contribution of these two inputs is separable from an analytical point of view. The proposed model is simple enough (whereas not being simplistic) to support real-time applications in the field of advanced driving assistance systems. Starting from the equilibrium spacing, it is possible to estimate the parameters of the model, allowing for a full identification procedure. The modeling framework was prevalidated against observed data from two different data sets, collected by means of two instrumented vehicles in independent experiments, carried out in Italy and the United Kingdom. The validation proved that the proposed car-following model gives good results not only around the desired equilibrium spacing but also in general car-following conditions. The experimental data sets are discussed in terms of parameter values as well as performance of the dynamic process against observed data.

A Linear Model for the Estimation of Fuel Consumption and the Impact Evaluation of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems

“…Our effort toward simplification of approaches is well justified by the need for adopting online estimation and control logics in the development of ADAS. Indeed, more critical aspects in ADAS, those related to human behavior, have been proved to be effectively approachable with simple and linear models, as shown in [34,35].…”

Heterogeneity of Driving Behaviors in Different Car-Following Conditions

“…The dataset was collected within the Italian research project DRIVEIN2 (DRIVEr monitoring: technologies, methodologies, and IN-vehicle INnovative systems); details about the DriveIn2 project can be found in (Bifulco et al, 2012;Bifulco et al, 2015). The experimental test-site as a whole is a large circular ring with a total length of about 80 Km.…”

“…Starting from the AP theory, we have proposed in past works (Bifulco et al, 2013b;Pariota and Bifulco, 2015) a specific interpretation based on our original concept of car-following waves. Indeed, if a typical car-following spiral is plot in a different plane, that is with respect to the rate between relative speed and spacing (-DV/DX), some waves are described (Fig.…”

“…The slope (a 2 ) is expected to be different if the model is calibrated with respect to different types of leading vehicles; moreover, once identified/ calibrated against different observed CF segments or clips, the dispersion of the parameter corresponds to the heterogeneity of the drivers' (and clips) behaviors. The second parametric model is a simple time-continuous linear state-space formulation of CF proposed in Pariota et al (2015). It is developed for conditions close to the equilibrium; even if it shows to be also reasonably applicable far from the equilibrium.…”

Experimental evidence supporting simpler Action Point paradigms for car-following

“…They move from the assumption that Engineering models are unable to characterize the process of human thinking (and solving) associated to the driving problem. As well addressed also in Saifuzzaman and Zheng, even if several attempts to embed human behaviours into Engineering models have been carried out (recently Pariota et al, 2015 on-line publication), psycho-physical paradigms are characterised by quite peculiar (and convincing) fundamental assumptions on the human behaviour. As an example, drivers are assumed to adopt a satisficing performance evaluation strategy, rather than an optimal one (Boer, 1999), that means humans are often incapable of identifying and implementing optimal control strategy (Zgonnikov and Lubashevsky, 2014); moreover, are they can be observed to do not apply a continuous control (Wagner, 2011).…”