2009
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2689
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A Link between Tear Instability and Hyperosmolarity in Dry Eye

Abstract: These experiments provide a link between hyperosmolarity and tear instability, suggesting that hyperosmolar levels in the tear film may transiently spike during tear instability, resulting in corneal inflammation and triggering sensory neurons.

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Cited by 272 publications
(241 citation statements)
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“…Our previous experimental data and computational modeling predicted that CFTR-targeted prosecretory compounds could normalize tear film volume and ocular surface properties in dry eye (11,23). In dry eye disorders, tear film hyperosmolarity stimulates proinflammatory signaling, secretion of cytokines and metalloproteinases, and disruption of corneal epithelial cell integrity (36)(37)(38)(39). By minimizing tear film hyperosmolarity, CFTR activation is predicted to prevent these downstream ocular surface changes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Our previous experimental data and computational modeling predicted that CFTR-targeted prosecretory compounds could normalize tear film volume and ocular surface properties in dry eye (11,23). In dry eye disorders, tear film hyperosmolarity stimulates proinflammatory signaling, secretion of cytokines and metalloproteinases, and disruption of corneal epithelial cell integrity (36)(37)(38)(39). By minimizing tear film hyperosmolarity, CFTR activation is predicted to prevent these downstream ocular surface changes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Although tear hyperosmolarity in patients with dry eye rarely reaches 360 mOsM, most in vitro studies of hyperosmolarity use higher levels (400 to 600 mOsM) to demonstrate response. 25 Figure 3 shows that the addition of 90 mmol/L NaCl to corneal epithelial cells had the greatest effect in increasing EMMPRIN expression at both the protein and RNA levels ( Figure 3, A and C). Although a smaller increase was observed with 70 mmol/L NaCl, no effect could be discerned at the lower concentrations (30 and 50 mmol/L NaCl; not shown).…”
Section: High Osmolarity Increases Emmprin Expression In Human Corneamentioning
confidence: 96%
“…In addition, particulate matter may transport infectious agents from the environment directly into the eye [67]. Temporal associations between air pollutants and disruptions in homeostasis of the eye's tear film, ocular mucosa, ocular surface, and eyelid margins were reported in many publications [30,36,39,[48][49][50][68][69][70]. Arguably, patients with chronic tear film instability are more susceptible to bacterial infections; it is unclear if the acute impact from air pollution also increases this risk [71,72].…”
Section: Ijomeh 2016;29(3)mentioning
confidence: 99%