“…This study addresses the contribution of open innovation (OI) tools to the promotion of innovation in small businesses in the industry and craft sectors. In a rapidly changing global world, innovation is vital to all businesses (Marques and Ferreira, 2009;Porter, 1996;Teece et al, 1997;Zainol et al, 2018), but the innovation process carries risks and its management is complex (Chesbrough, 2003), making it particularly difficult to promote innovation in small businesses, especially in view of their resource constraints and size disadvantages. In addition, small businesses must cope with various hardships that hinder their innovation, such as difficulty in obtaining suitable talent, lack of appropriate infrastructure, and scant funding (Harel and Kaufmann, 2016;Kleinknecht, 1989;Lee et al, 2010;Van de Vrande et al, 2009).…”