This article examines the character of straw men as deployed by political and moral philosophers, using the example of politically motivated responses to the work of Thomas Hobbes. It attempts to give an Oakeshottian account of what is distinctive about the form of straw arguments within political philosophy before going on to identify some examples drawn from the reception of Hobbes' work. In the final section, discussion of the function of straw men points to their emancipatory role in the process of developing political theory. The article closes by drawing attention to the under-appreciated role that straw men play within the tradition of Western political thought, and the implications of this thought for our understanding of continuity within that tradition.