A Liquid Chromatographic Method for Rapid and Sensitive Analysis of Aflatoxins in Laboratory Fungal Cultures

Alshannaq, Ahmad; Yu, Jae‐Hyuk

doi:10.3390/toxins12020093

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Instrumental analysis of AFB1 by high-performance liquid chromatography is well described in the literature, and recent work [25] presents a robust method for simultaneous quantification of several aflatoxins from fungal cultures, therefore, AFB1 was found to be sufficient to be detected at a single wavelength of 365 nm. Peak purities for ST, as a relatively novel analyte for HPLC detection, were systematically checked in all analytical determinations by recording absorption at two wavelengths of 240 and 325 nm, and peak area ratios at those wavelengths were compared to the ratios characteristic to standard solutions of the given analyte (ST).…”

Section: Analytical Determination Of the Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin B1 and Sterigmatocystin Binding Potential of Lactobacilli

Kosztik

Mörtl

Székacs

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Due to global climate change, mould strains causing problems with their mycotoxin production in the tropical–subtropical climate zone have also appeared in countries belonging to the temperate zone. Biodetoxification of crops and raw materials for food and feed industries including the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binding abilities of lactobacilli is of growing interest. Despite the massive quantities of papers dealing with AFB1-binding of lactobacilli, there are no data for microbial binding of the structurally similar mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST). In addition, previous works focused on the detection of AFB1 in extracts, while in this case, analytical determination was necessary for the microbial biomass as well. To test binding capacities, a rapid instrumental analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed and applied for measurement of AFB1 and ST in the biomass of the cultured bacteria and its supernatant, containing the mycotoxin fraction bound by the bacteria and the fraction that remained unbound, respectively. For our AFB1 and ST adsorption studies, 80 strains of the genus Lactobacillus were selected. Broths containing 0.2 µg/mL AFB1and ST were inoculated with the Lactobacillus test strains. Before screening the strains for binding capacities, optimisation of the experiment parameters was carried out. Mycotoxin binding was detectable from a germ count of 107 cells/mL. By studying the incubation time of the cells with the mycotoxins needed for mycotoxin-binding, co-incubation for 10 min was found sufficient. The presence of mycotoxins did not affect the growth of bacterial strains. Three strains of L. plantarum had the best AFB1 adsorption capacities, binding nearly 10% of the mycotoxin present, and in the case of ST, the degree of binding was over 20%.

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Section: Analytical Determination Of the Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin B1 and Sterigmatocystin Binding Potential of Lactobacilli

Kosztik

Mörtl

Székacs

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Mycotoxins are unavoidable and unpredictable toxic fungal secondary metabolites produced by three major genera of soil-borne molds: Aspergilli , Fusarium , and Penicillium [ 1 , 2 ]. The most common, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin found in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. AFs have been reported to be present in a wide variety of crops, including corn, wheat, soy, rice, cottonseed, tree nuts, oilseeds, herbs, and spices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of E.U. Rapid Alert System (RASFF) Notifications for Aflatoxins in Exported U.S. Food and Feed Products for 2010–2019

Alshannaq

2021

Toxins

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The most common, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins found in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). The United States is a leading exporter of various nuts, with a marketing value of $9.1 billion in 2019; the European Union countries are the major importers of U.S. nuts. In the past few years, border rejections and notifications for U.S. tree nuts and peanuts exported to the E.U. countries have increased due to AF contamination. In this work, we analyzed notifications from the “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)” on U.S. food and feed products contaminated with mycotoxins, primarily AFs, for the 10-year period 2010–2019. Almost 95% of U.S. mycotoxin RASFF notifications were reported for foods and only 5% for feeds. We found that 98.9% of the U.S. food notifications on mycotoxins were due to the AF contamination in almond, peanut, and pistachio nuts. Over half of these notifications (57.9%) were due to total AF levels greater than the FDA action level in food of 20 ng g−1. The Netherlands issued 27% of the AF notifications for U.S. nuts. Border rejection was reported for more than 78% of AF notifications in U.S. nuts. All U.S. feed notifications on mycotoxins occurred due to the AF contamination. Our research contributes to better understanding the main reasons behind RASFF mycotoxins notifications of U.S. food and feed products destined to E.U. countries. Furthermore, we speculate possible causes of this problem and provide a potential solution that could minimize the number of notifications for U.S. agricultural export market.

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“…Aflatoxins are fluorescent heterocyclic secondary metabolites with molecular weights of 286 to 346 Dalton. The major AFs classified as B1, B2, G1, and G2 are particularly hazardous to humans and animals, which can be identified based on their fluorescence under blue or green light and their relative mobility during separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) [ 10 ]. In this family, AFB1 is a well-known toxin with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties for both humans and animals [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins Detection and Fungal Contamination in Black and Green Tea by HPLC-Based Method

Pakshir

Mirshekari

Nouraei

et al. 2020

Journal of Toxicology

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The fungal contamination and total aflatoxins (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) of tea samples were examined. A total of 60 tea samples were extracted and treated with immunoaffinity columns. The amount of AF and OTA were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FD). Tea samples were cultured and the fungi were identified. The results showed that 24 (40%) samples were contaminated with AFs and none of the tea samples were above the acceptable limit of AFs (≥10 μg/kg). All of the samples were contaminated with OTA where only 3 black tea samples (6.6%) and 1 green tea sample (6.7%) were detected to have more than the standard limits of toxin (10 μg·kg−1). The mean concentration of OTA in the black tea was higher than green tea. Aspergillus niger was the predominant fungi isolated from black and green tea samples. Considering the high contamination of mycotoxins in tea samples, regular monitoring in the tea process for improving quality is recommended.

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A Liquid Chromatographic Method for Rapid and Sensitive Analysis of Aflatoxins in Laboratory Fungal Cultures

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Aflatoxin B1 and Sterigmatocystin Binding Potential of Lactobacilli

Aflatoxin B1 and Sterigmatocystin Binding Potential of Lactobacilli

Analysis of E.U. Rapid Alert System (RASFF) Notifications for Aflatoxins in Exported U.S. Food and Feed Products for 2010–2019

Mycotoxins Detection and Fungal Contamination in Black and Green Tea by HPLC-Based Method

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