A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the analysis of atomoxetine in human plasma and <i>in vitro</i> cellular samples

Appel, David I.; Brinda, Bryan J.; Markowitz, John S.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Zhu, Hao

doi:10.1002/bmc.2706

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…HCl shows a UV absorbance at 270 nm using double distilled water as the solvent [43]. The mass spectrum of ATX showed ion peaks at m/z 44 and 256 [44].…”

Section: Atxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytes and IS were detected using MRM mode and the m/z was 44 and 256 for the analyte and 116 and 268 for the IS, respectively [141,142]. Further LC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of ATX extracted from human plasma [44,[143][144][145], blood, oral fluids, sweat, urine [146], and hair [147] samples are reported in Table 2. Montenarh et al developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 130 drugs extracted from human whole blood, plasma, serum, hair, liver tissues, gastric contents and urine samples.…”

Section: Liquid Chromatography (Lc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples

Sundari¹,

Amuthalakshmi²,

Nalini³

2020

Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder. The symptoms of ADHD include difficulty in attention, memory and impulse control. Many pharmaceutical formulations (stimulants and non-stimulants) are available on the market to treat ADHD symptoms. The most commonly used drugs for treatment are amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, bupropion, guanfacine and clonidine. In the field of pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis is an important tool used for the quantification of drugs and their metabolites present in biological samples using various analytical methods. Although a number of analytical methods were reported for the quantification of these drugs in biological samples of experimental animals, due to species differences, it is important to develop analytical methods to quantify these drugs in human biological samples to aid forensic and pharmacokinetic studies. In this review, we compile the bio-analytical methods such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography used for the quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples such as blood, plasma, serum, oral fluids, sweat, hair and urine based on earlier published articles from various journals.

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“…HCl shows a UV absorbance at 270 nm using double distilled water as the solvent [43]. The mass spectrum of ATX showed ion peaks at m/z 44 and 256 [44].…”

Section: Atxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liquid Chromatography (Lc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples

Sundari¹,

Amuthalakshmi²,

Nalini³

2020

Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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“…Literature shows that there are many analytical methods for the assay of ATX in different matrices as spectrofluorimetric [5,6], spectrophotometric [5,7,8], HPLC [9][10][11][12], electrochemical [13,14], capillary electrophoretic [15] and LC-MS [16][17][18][19] methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two green spectrofluorimetric methods for the assay of atomoxetine hydrochloride in pure form and commercial capsules with application to content uniformity testing

2023

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Atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) is a potent and non-stimulant drug which was approved for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Owing to its importance, two green, simple and validated spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for its sensitive assay in pure and capsule forms. The first method (Method I) relied on measuring the enhanced fluorescence of ATX by the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate in alkaline medium at λ ex 227 nm/ λ em 298 nm. The second method (Method II) involved complex formation of ATX with Erythrosine B (EB) in aqueous acidic solution resulting in quantitative quenching of the EB naive fluorescence. This complex was formed in the presence of Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 4.0). The difference in fluorescence intensity was measured at λ ex 527/ λ em 550 nm. The calibration curves were linear through the ranges of 0.2–2.0 µg ml −1 for Method I, 0.2–4.0 µg ml −1 for Method II with good correlation coefficient ( r = 0.9998) for both methods. The suggested methods were perfectly applied for determination of ATX in its commercial capsules and content uniformity test. The greenness of the proposed methods was confirmed by three different assessment tools and it was found that both methods were green, eco-friendly and environmentally safe.

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New‐generation, non‐SSRI antidepressants: Drug‐drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2: NaSSAs, NRIs, SNDRIs, MASSAs, NDRIs, and others

Protti

Mandrioli

Marasca

et al. 2020

Medicinal Research Reviews

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After the development of “classical” tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, numerous other classes of antidepressant drugs have been introduced onto the market. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class is the best‐known one, but many others exist, usually identified by their mechanism of activity. In this second part of the review, focused on new‐generation antidepressants not included among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the following classes are considered: noradrenergic and selective serotonergic antidepressants; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors; melatonergic agonists and selective serotonergic antagonists; norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors; and so forth. These different mechanisms underlie tolerability and safety profiles that can be very different among the classes, with each one providing significant advantages and disadvantages in comparison with others. The main characteristics of the following antidepressants are described: mianserin, mirtazapine, setiptiline, reboxetine, viloxazine, teniloxazine, atomoxetine, nefazodone, agomelatine, bupropion, esketamine, and tianeptine. The paper is focused on their metabolism and interactions, but also includes brief notes on analytical methods useful for their therapeutic drug monitoring.

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A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the analysis of atomoxetine in human plasma and in vitro cellular samples

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples

Review on analytical methods for quantification of ADHD drugs in human biological samples

Two green spectrofluorimetric methods for the assay of atomoxetine hydrochloride in pure form and commercial capsules with application to content uniformity testing

New‐generation, non‐SSRI antidepressants: Drug‐drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2: NaSSAs, NRIs, SNDRIs, MASSAs, NDRIs, and others

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