“…As a result, we know that principals of an average U.S. school who perform all of these core leadership behaviors, which best describe shared instructional leadership, promote the greatest increase in student outcomes (see Robinson et al, 2008). However, this line of inquiry has focused on the effectiveness of these behaviors rather than the principal, who is able to perform or not perform these behaviors (Leithwood & Jantzi, 2008;Urick & Bowers, 2011, in press), and the school context, in which the characteristics-for example, student demographics, school location, or grade level-influence the effectiveness of these behaviors differently (Louis et al, 2010;May, Huff, & Goldring, 2012). Our conceptualization of types, the grouping of principals, compared to styles, the grouping of behaviors, better accounts for the differences in the way that principals may or may not perform these idealized behaviors in their specific school context (Fiedler, 1964(Fiedler, /1978(Fiedler, , 1966(Fiedler, , 1967Miller & Rowan, 2006).…”