A Longitudinal Study of Schistosoma Haematobium Infection in Qena Governorate, upper Egypt

Ns, Mansour; Gi, Higashi; Vd, Schinski; Kd, Murrell

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.795

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mean age of our patients (12.22 ± 3.03 years) was similar to those reported by Uthman et al . and Mansour et al ., who found young adolescents to be the most commonly affected age group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…By contrast with these studies, Goldsmith et al 21 reported genital lesions only. The mean age of our patients (12.22 AE 3.03 years) was similar to those reported by Uthman et al 22 and Mansour et al, 23 who found young adolescents to be the most commonly affected age group. The clinical picture of CSG reflects the primary pathology of schistosomiasis, which involves granulomatous inflammation in both the papillary and reticular dermis elicited by the deposition of schistosomal eggs in the dermis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Expression of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐17 in cutaneous schistosomal granuloma

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Expression of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐17 in cutaneous schistosomal granuloma

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several other investigators, starting with Scott, have documented that peak prevalence of S. haematobium in perennially irrigated areas in Egypt occurs between the ages of 8 and 15 years in both sexes. 7,12,13 Infection occurs while males are bathing in canals, when children swim and play in canals, and often when the fields are being irrigated. School children from a village in Fayoum who gave histories of exposure to canal water had twice (36% versus 18%) the prevalence of S. haematobium as children from the same school denying these risks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Fayoum Governorate.

Abdelwahab

Esmat²,

Ramzy³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Health questionnaires and parasitologic examinations of urine and stool were performed upon a stratified random sample of 7,710 individuals from 1,109 households in 21 rural communities in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt in 1992 to investigate the prevalence of, risk factors for, and changing pattern of, infection with Schistosoma sp. in the governorate. A subset, every fifth household, or 1,038 subjects, had physical and ultrasound examinations to investigate prevalence of, and risk factors for, morbidity. The prevalence of S. haematobium ranged from 0% to 27.1% and averaged 13.7%. The geometric mean egg count (GMEC) was 10.0 eggs/10 ml of urine. Age-stratified prevalence and intensity of infection were 18-25% and 10-15 eggs/10 ml of urine in those 5-25 years of age. Schistosoma mansoni were detected in inhabitants of 13 communities, but 78.5% of the infections were focally present in a group of 4 satellite hamlets around a single village. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni in the governorate was 4.3% and the GMEC was 44.0 ova/g of stool. Risk factors for infection with either species were male gender, an age Ͻ20 years, living in smaller communities, and exposures to canal water by males. Histories of burning micturation, blood in the urine, or prior schistosomiasis and reagent strip-detected hematuria and proteinuria were risks for S. haematobium, but not for S. mansoni. Both urinary tract and higher grades of hepatic morbidity were rare. Obstructive uropathy was present in 6.3% of the subjects and was more common in males and older people. Ultrasonography-detected bladder lesions were present in 5.2% and correlated with S. haematobium only in younger subjects and in those with hematuria and proteinuria. The prevalences of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and periportal fibrosis (PPF) were associated with each other and increased with age and in males. Ultrasonography-detected hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were weakly associated with S. mansoni infections only in children. The prevalence of PPF was greater in the 4 communities with Ͼ25% S. mansoni infection rates in comparison with the 17 other villages and ezbas. Transmission of S. mansoni is focally well established in Fayoum, which also has the highest prevalence of S. haematobium in the governorates surveyed by the Epidemiology 1, 2, 3 Project. However, both urinary tract and hepatic morbidity are relatively rare in the governorate. This probably results from the long-standing schistosomiasis control program in Fayoum, which suppressed intensity more than prevalence of infection, leading to less community morbidity.El Fayoum, a large oasis in the Egyptian Western Desert 90-130 km southwest of Cairo, is supplied by water through a single canal (Bahr Youssef) from the Nile River (Figure 1 in Husein and others). 1 The governorate is inhabited by 1.2 million people who mainly work in agricultural and related industries. Irrigation is achieved through a system of open canals, with an estimated total length of 39,000 km, draining into Lake Quaroun, a salt lake,...

show abstract

“…Only patchy data for the Qena governorate are available until the 1980s. Studies by Kitron and Higashi, 4 Mansour and others, 5 and King and others 6 indicated that the prevalence of S. haematobium had increased to levels similar to the surrounding governorates, i.e., in the 30-40% range with a peak in the 10-14-year-old children reaching Ͼ70%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Qena governorate.

Hammam¹,

Zarzour²,

Moftah³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Qena is the southernmost governorate of Egypt included in the Epidemiology 1, 2, 3 national study. A probability sample selected 17,822 individuals from 2,950 households in 34 ezbas and 10 villages from a total rural target population of 1,731,252 (based on the most recent 1986 census of the population by the Egyptian Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics). Parasitologic examination of urine and stool were made for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, respectively, and physical and ultrasound examinations were made on a 20% subsample. The overall estimated prevalence of S. haematobium was 4.8 Ϯ 0.7% (ϮSE) and geometric mean egg count (GMEC) was 7.0 ova per 10 ml of urine. Considerable variation in prevalence was observed between the villages and ezbas, ranging from 0.0% to 20%, with the smaller ezbas having a slightly higher overall prevalence. The age-and sex-specific patterns of S. haematobium showed typical peak prevalence in early adolescence, with males having a higher prevalence than females. A history of hematuria was associated with current infection (odds ratio ϭ 3.6, 95% confidence interval ϭ 2.32-5.63). Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly determined by physical examination present in 7.9% and 3.0%, respectively. Ultrasonography-determined hepatomegaly of the left liver lobe was found in 10.1%. Ultrasonography-detected hepatomegaly in both the left and right lobes increased in prevalence from approximately 5% in children to 15-20% in adults. The prevalence of ultrasonography-detected splenomegaly increased slightly with age. Grade III periportal fibrosis was detected in only 2 individuals in the sample. Bladder wall lesions and obstructive uropathy were also very infrequent. Other associations with these measures are given. Most villages and ezbas had an S. mansoni prevalence of less than 1%. The exception was Nag'a El-Sheikh Hamad, where the prevalence was 10.3 Ϯ 0.5% (GMEC ϭ 57.4 Ϯ 2.6). Two other communities also had a prevalence Ͼ1% (Ezbet Sarhan and Kom Heitin).The Qena governorate, in Upper Egypt, is best known as the location of some of Egypt's most famous Pharaonic temples, such as Karnek and Dendera, and its Pharaonic tombs, the Valley of the Kings, in Tebes on the west bank of Luxor. The governorate is located about 535-650 km south of Cairo on the Nile River, as shown on the map in Figure 1 of the report in this supplement by El-Khoby and others. 1 Qena is bordered on the north by Sohag and on the south by the Aswan governorate. The Nile valley is at its narrowest in Egypt here and the arable land, a green strip only 1 or 2 km on either side of the river, is bordered by barren desert on both sides. The governorate is perennially irrigated throughout by principal main and distributory canals (Egyptian Ministry of Irrigation, unpublished data). The major crop is sugar cane, which requires large quantities of water drawn by pumps from surrounding canals. Other food crops are grown in small plots adjacent to the villages and are irrigated manually. In this region where the...

show abstract

A Longitudinal Study of Schistosoma Haematobium Infection in Qena Governorate, upper Egypt

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Expression of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐17 in cutaneous schistosomal granuloma

Expression of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐17 in cutaneous schistosomal granuloma

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Fayoum Governorate.

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Qena governorate.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About