A Low Cost Air Hybrid Concept

Lee, C. Y.; Zhao, Hua; Ma, Tom

doi:10.2516/ogst/2009089

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…One of the most popular concepts is the hybrid air technology with an external pneumatic system possible to operate in zero vehicle emission and gasoline internal combustion which is a combined mode with 45% of claimed savings in city driving. The second which is worth mentioning is the low cost air hybrid vehicle which absorbs the vehicle's kinetic energy during braking, stores it in an air tank in the form of compressed air, and uses it to propel the vehicle during cruise or transient modes with regenerative efficiency of up to 25.84% . The first concept to separate a compression stroke from its combustion chamber was the Scuderi engine concept which created the possibility for a pneumatic hybridization of engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of active modular internal combustion engine concept: Targeting efficiency increase and carbon dioxide emissions reduction of gasoline engines

2018

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Summary Today's gasoline engines use a group of new technologies to fulfill emission legislation and at the same time improve fuel consumption with excellent drivability performance and increase specific power and torque output. One technology group focuses on the improvement of efficiency at low loads which includes variable charge motion, variable valve actuation, GDI stratified, and homogenous injection, and the other group shifts the engine operating point towards more efficient operating areas by using super/turbo‐charging, downsizing the engine volume and choosing a longer gear ratio (down‐speeding). This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the proposed active modular internal combustion engine concept (AMICES) which was done for the first time in the literature. AMICES is a specific proposed engine concept with a fully variable load and has compression pressure control on extremely downsized engines as part of an unsynchronized boosting and turbine recuperation system. The AMICES concept in its nature offers constant torque over a full range, high transient response, no pumping losses which increases low load efficiency, and highly efficient in‐cylinder cycle. The cycle was analyzed where it was found that respectable improvement in efficiency could be obtained when compared with conventional gasoline engines (for the considered case, increase in theoretical efficiency was found to be up to 18% which in real operating conditions is expected to be below 10%). Optimization was also performed in order to find optimal cylinder air filling, ie, volumetric efficiency. The main advantages, ie, benefits of the novel proposed concept, were also analyzed, and further possible development steps of the AMICES were introduced. Finally, the proposed concept has potential for favorable implication related to the reduction of gasoline engine fuel consumption and the reduction of harmful CO2 emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of active modular internal combustion engine concept: Targeting efficiency increase and carbon dioxide emissions reduction of gasoline engines

2018

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“…Zhao et al 20 and Lee et al 21,22 proposed a simplified approach to achieve air hybrid operation. The approach used a new intake system and cam profile switching (CPS) devices and allowed the engine to switch between the air hybrid operation and normal engine operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a novel mild air hybrid engine technology, RegenEBD, for buses and commercial vehicles

Lee

Zhao

2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this paper, a novel cost-effective mild air hybrid engine concept for buses and commercial vehicles, RegenEBD, is presented. This air hybrid technology is designed to convert kinetic energy into pneumatic energy of the compressed air stored in the air tank normally installed on such vehicles. The compressed air can then be used to drive an air starter to achieve regenerative stop–start operations for buses and delivery vehicles with frequent stop–start operations. For other commercial vehicles, it can provide service air required for braking and pneumatic operations and reduce the usage of the engine driven compressor. Furthermore, the availability of the free compressed air can be used to provide instant boost to a turbocharged engine at start-up and during acceleration for better performance and improved fuel economy. A six-cylinder diesel engine has been modelled to operate as a mild air hybrid engine and analysed using an engine simulation programme. In addition, a newly developed air hybrid vehicle driving cycle simulation programme has been applied to analyse the charging and discharging processes during a typical London Bus route and a German Braunschweig city cycle. The analysis shows that with the RegenEBD, almost all the idling periods can be eliminated through regenerative stop–start operations, resulting in a fuel saving of 6.5–7.2%.

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“…The use of compressed air to reduce the fuel consumption and improve the driveability of internal combustion engines has been extensively investigated for many years [1][2][3][4][5]. In a directly air-assisted engine, an additional air tank is directly connected to the combustion chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Design and Analysis of a Directly Air-Assisted Turbocharged SI Engine with Camshaft Driven Valves

2013

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Abstract:The availability of compressed air in combination with downsizing and turbocharging is a promising approach to improve the fuel economy and the driveability of internal combustion engines. The compressed air is used to boost and start the engine. It is generated during deceleration phases by running the engine as a piston compressor. In this paper, a camshaft-driven valve is considered for the control of the air exchange between the tank and the combustion chamber. Such a valve system is cost-effective and robust. Each pneumatic engine mode is realized by a separate cam. The air mass transfer in each mode is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the tank pressure dependence. The air demand in the boost mode is found to increase with the tank pressure. However, the dependence on the tank pressure is small in the most relevant operating region. The air demand of the pneumatic start shows a piecewise continuous dependence on the tank pressure. Finally, a tank sizing method is proposed which uses a quasi-static simulation. It is applied to a compact class vehicle, for which a tank volume of less than 10 L is sufficient. A further reduction of the tank volume is limited by the specifications imposed on the pneumatic start.

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A Low Cost Air Hybrid Concept

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Thermodynamic analysis of active modular internal combustion engine concept: Targeting efficiency increase and carbon dioxide emissions reduction of gasoline engines

Thermodynamic analysis of active modular internal combustion engine concept: Targeting efficiency increase and carbon dioxide emissions reduction of gasoline engines

Analysis of a novel mild air hybrid engine technology, RegenEBD, for buses and commercial vehicles

System Design and Analysis of a Directly Air-Assisted Turbocharged SI Engine with Camshaft Driven Valves

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