A low cost, all-organic Na-ion Battery Based on Polymeric Cathode and Anode

Abstract

Current battery systems have severe cost and resource restrictions, difficultly to meet the large scale electric storage applications. Herein, we report an all-organic Na-ion battery using p-dopable polytriphenylamine as cathode and n-type redox-active poly(anthraquinonyl sulphide) as anode, excluding the use of transition-metals as in conventional electrochemical batteries. Such a Na-ion battery can work well with a voltage output of 1.8 V and realize a considerable specific energy of 92 Wh kg−1. Due to the structural flexibility and stability of the redox-active polymers, this battery has a superior rate capability with 60% capacity released at a very high rate of 16 C (3200 mA g−1) and also exhibit an excellent cycling stability with 85% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 8 C rate. Most significantly, this type of all-organic batteries could be made from renewable and earth-abundant materials, thus offering a new possibility for widespread energy storage applications.

Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Similarly, Deng et al proposed polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) as a p-type organic cathode for NIBs. [ 266 ] This electrode also undergoes a cathodic reversible reaction with p-doping/de-doping of anions (PF 6 − ) in the electrolyte, providing a reversible capacity of 96 mA h g −1 at an voltage of ≈3.6 V (vs Na + /Na). Nevertheless, the p-type organic electrodes are less practical because a certain amount of electrolytes participates in the redox reaction, thus, require excess electrolyte in battery confi gurations.…”

Conjugated microporous polymers with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium and sodium storage

“…Organic materials can accommodate large Na ions reversibly without much spatial hindrance, thus facilitating fast kinetics to be achieved for Na ion insertion and extraction reactions. 14,15,37 In addition, organic materials are environmentally friendly, resource sustainable and structurally diverse. Consequently, organic materials might be a good candidate as electrode materials for Na-based energy storage devices.…”

High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries and Sodium‐Ion Pseudocapacitors Based on MoS2/Graphene Composites

“…These features point to the great potential of sodium-ion batteries for renewable energy and smart grids. [3,4] To date, various cathode materials, including layered transition metal oxides, [5][6][7][8] organic polymers, [3,9,10] and polyanion fluorophosphates, [11][12][13][14][15] have been reported to reversibly accommodate Na ions. Anode research is mainly focused on carbonaceous material, [16][17][18] alloyable metals, [19] alloyable metal oxides/sulfides [20][21][22][23] and non-metal elements.…”