A low-cost device for the estimation of fluoride in drinking water

Sen, Ananya; Rao, K. Uma; Frizzell, M. A.; Rao, G. Venkateswara

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6521(1998)2:1<51::aid-fact6>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…After a 3-min reaction time, the concentration of dissolved ion was measured at 255 and 510 nm. For fluoride, the sodium 2-(parasulfophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulfonate (SPADNS) method (Sen et al 1998) was used to determine the concentration. A 10-ml water sample was measured into one sample cell and 10-ml deionized water into the second sample cell.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality associated public health risk in Bo, Sierra Leone

Jimmy

Sundufu

Malanoski

et al. 2012

Environ Monit Assess

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Human health depends on reliable access to safe drinking water, but in many developing countries only a limited number of wells and boreholes are available. Many of these water resources are contaminated with biological or chemical pollutants. The goal of this study was to examine water access and quality in urban Bo, Sierra Leone. A health census and community mapping project in one neighborhood in Bo identified the 36 water sources used by the community. A water sample was taken from each water source and tested for a variety of microbiological and physicochemical substances. Only 38.9% of the water sources met World Health Organization (WHO) microbial safety requirements based on fecal coliform levels. Physiochemical analysis indicated that the majority (91.7%) of the water sources met the requirements set by the WHO. In combination, 25% of these water resources met safe drinking water criteria. No variables associated with wells were statistically significant predictors of contamination. This study indicated that fecal contamination is the greatest health risk associated with drinking water. There is a need to raise hygiene awareness and implement inexpensive methods to reduce fecal contamination and improve drinking water safety in Bo, Sierra Leone.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality associated public health risk in Bo, Sierra Leone

Jimmy

Sundufu

Malanoski

et al. 2012

Environ Monit Assess

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“…A colorimeter for estimating c F was developed by Sen et al [7]. It consisted of a LED as a light source, a phototransistor as a detector, and an operational amplifier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a low-cost portable colorimeter for the estimation of fluoride in drinking water

Rohit

Kanwar

Rao

2010

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…Besides the atomic spectroscopy methods, fluoride determination has been performed using techniques such as potentiometry with fluoride ion selective electrodes (ISE) [14][15][16], ion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection [17,18], spectrophotometry [19][20][21][22] and most recently capillary electrophoresis [23] but there are interferences of several cations and anions, therefore the sample preparation is time-consuming. Most interferences in fluoride determination come from the presence of high levels of iron or aluminum in the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%