A low-cost, portable and easy-operated salivary urea sensor for point-of-care application

Wang, Kuan Hsun; Hsieh, Ju Chun; Chen, Chang Chiang; Zan, Hsiao‐Wen; Meng, Hsin‐Fei; Kuo, Sheng Yu; Nguyễn, Minh Trâm Ngọc

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.007

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our previous research has shown that while being more sensitive, salivary urea is less specific and might be affected by other factors than kidney function, for example by the periodontal status 28 . Salivary urea dipsticks and a point of care urea sensor are already available and have been tested in animals as well as in humans [29][30][31][32] . These technical improvements could be used in the monitoring of renal functions or screening of advanced CKD in veterinary medicine, but also in clinical nephrology, at least in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of salivary markers of kidney functions in acute and chronic kidney diseases

Kovalčíková

Pavlov

Lipták

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Saliva can be used as an alternative diagnostic fluid enabling easy and non-invasive disease monitoring. Urea and creatinine can be measured in saliva and both were shown to be increased in renal failure. However, the dynamics of these markers during the development of kidney diseases is unknown. We aimed to describe the dynamics of salivary urea and creatinine in various animal models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients with different stages AKI or CKD. Ninety Wistar rats underwent bilateral nephrectomy (BNX), ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) or glycerol-induced kidney injury to model AKI. CKD was modelled using 5/6 nephrectomy. In the clinical part 57 children aged 12.6 ± 4.9 years with AKI (n = 11) or CKD (n = 46) and 29 healthy controls (aged 10.2 ± 3.7 years) were enrolled. Saliva and blood samples were collected in both, animal experiments and the human study. In animal models of AKI, plasma urea and creatinine were higher than in controls. An increase of salivary urea and creatinine (twofold) was observed in BNX and IRI, but only after 12 h and 24 h, respectively. In glycerol nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy, salivary urea increased (by 100% and by 50%), while salivary creatinine did not change during the observation period. Salivary urea and creatinine were significantly higher in all patients compared to controls (threefold) and in both, AKI and CKD they were associated with the severity of renal failure. Plasma and salivary concentrations correlated only in children with renal failure (R = 0.72 for urea; R = 0.93 for creatinine), but not in controls (R = -0.007 for urea; R = 0.02 for creatinine). Our study indicates that during the development of renal impairment saliva could be used for non-invasive monitoring in higher stages of AKI or CKD, rather than for screening of early stages of kidney diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of salivary markers of kidney functions in acute and chronic kidney diseases

Kovalčíková

Pavlov

Lipták

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Lee et al and Silva et al also developed the high sensitive ion‐sensitive field‐effect‐transistor (ISFET) biosensors for urea with acceptable precision 60,61 . Recently, a portable, low‐cost, and easy to use urea biosensor for patient care was also designed by Wang et al with detection range of 24‐300 mg/dL 62 . Whenever the amount of protein metabolism increases or the activity of the kidneys gets disturbed or the blood becomes thick, the number of urea increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend in creatinine determining methods: Conventional methods to molecular‐based methods

Narimani

Esmaeili

Rasta

et al. 2020

Analytical Science Advances

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Renal failure (RF) disease is ranked as one of the most prevalent diseases with severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of RF leads to subsequent control of disease to reduce the poor prognosis. The level of sera creatinine is considered as a significant biomarker for kidney biofunction, which is routinely detected by the Jaffe reaction. The normal range for creatinine in the blood may be 0.84‐1.21 mg/dL. Low accuracy, insufficient sensitivity, explosive and toxicity of picric acid, and pseudo‐interaction with nonspecific elements such as ammonium ions in the Jaffe method lead to the development of various techniques for precise detection of creatinine such as spectroscopic, electrochemical, and chromatography approaches and sensors based on enzymes, molecular imprinted polymer and nanoparticles, etc. Based on previously established results, they are trying to construct sensors with high accuracy, optimum sensitivity, acceptable linear/calibration range, and limit of detection, which are small in size and applicable by the patient him/herself (point‐of‐care testing). By comparing the results of research, a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence‐based sensor with linear/calibration range of 5‐1 mM0.33emconcentration of creatinine and the detection limit of 0.5 nM has the best detectable resolution with 2 million measurable points. In this paper, we will review the recently developed methods for measuring creatinine concentration and renal biofunction.

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“…Several efforts implemented the fiber pH sensor that utilizes the change in light transmittance as the indicator. The transmittance deteriorated due to the light diffusion or absorption, which could be influenced by the sample acidity [7,8]. For those demonstrations, optical fibers mainly functioned as the light carrier rather than the pH responder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Miniature pH Probe Using Functional Microfiber Bragg Grating

Ran

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Optics

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Operando and precisely probing aqueous pH is fundamentally demanded, both in chemical and biological areas. Conventional pH probes, subjected to the larger size, are probably unfit for application in some extreme scenarios, such as a trace amount of samples. In this paper, we have further developed the pH sensor that leverages the microfiber Bragg grating with an ultra-compact size down to an order of magnitude of 10−14 m3. Using the electrostatic self-assembly layer-by-layer technique, the functional film consisting of sodium alginate, which harnesses a pH-dependent hygroscopicity, is immobilized on the fiber surface. Consequently, the alteration of aqueous pH could be quantitatively indicated by the wavelength shift of the grating resonance via the refractive index variation of the sensing film due to the water absorption or expulsion. The grating reflections involving fundamental mode and higher order mode exhibit the sensitivities of −72 pm/pH and −265 pm/pH, respectively. In addition, temperature compensation can be facilitated by the recording of the two reflections simultaneously. Furthermore, the modeling and simulation results predict the pivotal parameters of the configuration in sensitivity enhancement. The proposed proof-of-concept enriches the toolbox of pH sensor for catering to the need of detection in some extremely small spaces—for example, the living cells or the bio-tissues.

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A low-cost, portable and easy-operated salivary urea sensor for point-of-care application

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Dynamics of salivary markers of kidney functions in acute and chronic kidney diseases

Dynamics of salivary markers of kidney functions in acute and chronic kidney diseases

Trend in creatinine determining methods: Conventional methods to molecular‐based methods

A Miniature pH Probe Using Functional Microfiber Bragg Grating

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