“…Recently, the issue of harvesting clean and renewable energy from ambient environment has been promoted to provide a possible alternative to the conventional solid-state batteries in the booming IoT world. Harvesting energy from ambient vibrations, such as winding, human motion, vehicles, machines and buildings, etc., have been reorganized as a feasible solution to supply green energy to wireless sensor nodes [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], which can be implemented by using electromagnetic [ 7 , 8 ], electrostatic [ 9 ] and piezoelectric [ 10 , 11 ] transduction mechanisms to convert mechanical energies into electricity. Among them, piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (PEVHs) have been highlighted because of its high-power density, ease of implementation and miniaturization [ 5 , 12 , 13 ].…”