A Low-Power CMOS Receiver for 1.25 Gb/s Over 1- mm SI-POF Links

Sánchez-Azqueta, Carlos; Gimeno, C.; Guerrero, E.; Aldea, C.; Celma, S.

doi:10.1109/tie.2013.2288198

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A boosting adaptation loop that uses the spectrum-balancing technique as the decision mechanism has been used due to its simplicity and low power consumption [5]. The proposed equalizer reaches 12 dB of maximum boosting.…”

Section: Boosting Adaptation Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The boosting adaptation loop is formed by two low-pass filters (LPF1 and LPF2) and a power comparator (PC12) [5]. By considering f 1 and f 2 , the cutoff frequencies of the two LPFs and A 1 and A 2 their gains, the power ratio can be expressed by…”

Section: Boosting Adaptation Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the faster the communication required, the higher signal equalization is needed [5].In a previous work [6], an analog line equalizer cell aimed to compensate the limited frequency response of SI-POF was proposed. The adaptive equalizer uses the spectrum-balancing technique to adapt its response to changes in the bandwidth, amplitude, and bit rate of the input signal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the faster the communication required, the higher signal equalization is needed [5]. The adaptive equalizer uses the spectrum-balancing technique to adapt its response to changes in the bandwidth, amplitude, and bit rate of the input signal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a CMOS multi‐rate adaptive continuous‐time equalizer based on power spectrum estimation

Gimeno

Guerrero

Sánchez-Azqueta

et al. 2017

Circuit Theory & Apps

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An adaptive continuous-time equalizer for reliable short-haul high-speed serial communications is described in this paper. The adaptive equalizer uses the spectrum-balancing technique to adapt its response to changes in the bandwidth, amplitude, and bit rate of the input signal. In this way, it is able to compensate the frequency response of a 1-mm diameter step-index plastic optical fiber, for lengths up to 50 m, and bit rates ranging from 400 Mb/s to 2.5 Gb/s. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate its feasibility. Copyright transmission channel to meet the high data rate requirement. Therefore, the faster the communication required, the higher signal equalization is needed [5].In a previous work [6], an analog line equalizer cell aimed to compensate the limited frequency response of SI-POF was proposed. In a real communications link, however, there are many other factors that degrade the transmitted signal, such as the losses inherent to the physical material of the fiber (0.14 dB/m at 650 nm), the capacitance of the receiver PD (whose diameter is larger than 0.4 mm), and the bandwidth-length trade-off (~50 MHz · 100 m). Considering the previously mentioned variations expected, the line equalizer needs a mechanism to automatically adapt its frequency response accordingly and avoid to over-compensate or under-compensate the signal, which otherwise would increase the bit error rate.Hence, the equalizer proposed here is implemented altogether with two feedback loops to independently adjust both the boosting and the gain to compensate variations in bandwidth and amplitude of the received signal.In addition, by means of the wavelength-division multiplexing technique, a single optical link is able to transmit a number of optical carrier signals by using different wavelengths. In consequence, it is possible to transport different standards, such as Synchronous Optical Networkin OC-9 (466 Mb/s) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy STM-16 (2.5 Gb/s), and it is expected to allow different data rates in the same receiver. Therefore, a multi-rate characteristic is a must if the equalizer is to be fully implemented in such applications.Several techniques can be used to implement the equalizer circuit and to choose the right equalization strategy depending on the particular application and channel characteristics. In the case of POF links, several authors use decision feedback equalization (DFE) (always with a previous linear equalizer) with some algorithms such as least mean square or minimum mean square to implement the adaptation [7]. Although DFE is an effective strategy for channels with severe intersymbol interference, for short lengths (up to 100 m), the advantage in performance between a DFE and a linear one is much less, and it may not justify the increase of complexity, area, and power consumption [8]. Therefore, an analog continuous-time equalizer is preferred in this case as they present a good trade-off for low-power, high-speed applications, reducing design complexity and area.Although some receivers with ...

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Section: Boosting Adaptation Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Boosting Adaptation Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a CMOS multi‐rate adaptive continuous‐time equalizer based on power spectrum estimation

Gimeno

Guerrero

Sánchez-Azqueta

et al. 2017

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…However, industrial environment requires increasingly higher data rates for data communication. As the need for faster communication grows, more effort is being put into the development of high-speed POF solutions to achieve multigigabit transmission over this waveguide [5]. Receivers with equalization are needed to compensate the band-limited frequency response of the fiber (∼ 40 MHz · 100 m).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer for Multigigabit Transmission Through SI-POF in Factory Area Networks

Gimeno

Guerrero

Sánchez-Azqueta

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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This paper presents a new CMOS analog continuous-time equalizer aimed to compensate the limited frequency response of SI-POF, a transmission medium very attractive for industrial applications as factory automation and process control networks because of its cost and immunity to electromagnetic interference. The structure overcomes the limitations of the most widely used continuous-time equalizer, the degenerated differential pair, for 1-V supply voltage. The linear equalizer has been proved for multi-gigabit short-range applications targeting up to 2 Gb/s through a 50-m SI-POF. The prototype consumes 2.7 mW.Index Terms-Equalization, industrial application, low power, step-index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF).

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