A Low Profile Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Reconfigurable Notch Band Characteristics for Smart Electronic Systems

Abstract

This study describes the design and implementation of a small printed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for smart electronic systems with on-demand adjustable notching properties. A contiguous sub-band between 3–4.1 GHz, 4.45–6.5 GHz, or for both bands concurrently, can be mitigated by the antenna. Numerous technologies and applications, including WiMAX, Wi-Fi, ISMA, WLAN, and sub-6 GHz, primarily utilize these band segments remitted by the UWB. The upper notch band is implemented by inserting an open-ended stub with the partial ground plane; the lower notch band functionality is obtained by etching a U-shaped slot from the radiating structure. The basic UWB mode is then changed to a UWB mode, with a single or dual notch band, using two diodes to achieve reconfigurability. The antenna has a physically compact size of 17 × 23 mm2 and a quasi-omnidirectional maximum gain of 4.9 dBi, along with a high efficiency of more than 80%, according to both simulation and measurement data. A significant bandwidth in the UWB region is also demonstrated by the proposed design, with a fractional bandwidth of 180% in relation to the 5.2 GHz center frequency. Regarding compactness, consistent gain, and programmable notch features, the proposed antenna outperforms the antennas described in the literature. In addition to these benefits, the antenna’s compact size makes it simple to incorporate into small electronic devices and enables producers to build many antennas without complications.

A Compact Slotted UWB Antenna Based on Characteristics Mode Theory for Wireless Applications

“…The geometric characteristics of the planned antenna exhibit a close resemblance to those of previously documented designs, which are explicitly cited in references [13] and [14]. However, the distinguishing characteristic of the recently developed antenna lies in its remarkable accomplishment of possessing a wider impedance bandwidth and higher gain in comparison to the antennas discussed in references [13][14][15]17,21,22].…”

“…One strategy entailed modifying a typical rectangular monopole antenna to fully utilize the UWB operating frequency range. The process of adaptation involved the development of a curved structure adjacent to the feedline and a subsequent reduction in the ground plane [13]. The antenna that was obtained had a condensed structure with dimensions of 17 × 23 × 1.5 mm 3 and functioned within the frequency spectrum spanning from 3-10 GHz.…”

Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of a CPW Antenna Using Frequency Selective Surface for UWB Applications

“…With the rapid advancements in wireless communication technology, the current and impending communication systems necessitate electrically small, geometrically simple, and low-profile antennas with high gain and wideband characteristics [ 1 , 2 ]. Due to promising radiation characteristics such as higher data rate, large bandwidth, and minimal power requirement, ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas are considered as auspicious candidates for various commercial and military applications such as health monitoring systems, radar imaging, tracking, and precision locating applications [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, some of these applications require high-gain antennas with increased directivity [ 9 , 10 ].…”

A Frequency Reconfigurable Folded Antenna for Cognitive Radio Communication

“…Some of the employed techniques to achieve multiband behaviour are a fractal structure [ 9 , 10 ], a complementary split ring resonator metamaterial [ 11 ], a window grille cross-structure [ 12 ], a meandered offset-feed [ 13 ], a split ring resonator and inverted F slots [ 14 ], a bowtie slot patch [ 15 ], and DGS and DMS [ 16 , 17 ]. An additional capability that can be possibly integrated with the multiband behaviour of the antenna is the reconfigurability which has a vital role in the accomplishment of cognitive radio applications, and it can be carried out using PIN diodes [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], varactor diodes [ 22 ], lumped capacitors [ 23 , 24 ], and RF MEMS [ 25 ]. In [ 18 ], a semi-circular patch was loaded onto a triangular radiator with two inverted L-stubs to achieve reconfigurability between two frequency bands using a pair PIN diode.…”

“…In [ 20 ], a reconfigurable MIMO antenna was designed using FR4 substrate to switch between two band-stop filters at 1.77 and 4.75 GHz using a PIN diode with high isolation. Two PIN diodes were utilized in [ 21 ] to achieve reconfigurable notched band characteristics for a UWB antenna. Two band notched frequencies were reconfigured at 3.5 and 5.2 GHz for WiMAX/WLAN interference mitigation capability.…”