A low-protein diet exacerbates postprandial chylomicron concentration in moderately dyslipidaemic subjects in comparison to a lean red meat protein-enriched diet

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether altering energy intake as red meat protein or carbohydrate modifies chylomicron homeostasis and postprandial lipaemia. Design: Randomized single-blind dietary intervention trial. Setting: School of Public Health, Division of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. Subjects: A total of 20 moderately hypertriglyceridaemic but otherwise healthy subjects were recruited and completed the study. Intervention: Participants consumed an isocaloric weight maintenance diet low in protein (14, 53 and 30% of energy as protein, carbohydrate and fat, respectively) or high in protein (25, 35 and 30% energy as protein, carbohydrate and fat) for a period of 6 weeks. Fasting plasma lipids and postprandial lipoprotein studies (triglyceride and apolipoprotein B48) following an oral fat challenge were carried out at the start and conclusion of the dietary intervention period. Results: Consumption of the low-or high-protein diet had no significant effect on fasting plasma or postprandial lipaemia, the latter determined as the incremental area under the triglyceride curve following a fat challenge. However, subjects who consumed a low-protein diet for 6 weeks had a substantially exaggerated postprandial chylomicron response, indicated as the area under the apo B48 curve following a fat challenge. The change in postprandial chylomicron kinetics could not be explained by changes in insulin sensitivity, which appeared to be similar before and after intervention with either diet. Conclusions: Daily moderate consumption of a lean red meat protein-enriched diet attenuates postprandial chylomicronaemia in response to ingestion of a fatty meal. Sponsorship: Meat and Livestock, Australia.

New Insights into the Regulation of Chylomicron Production

“…Following a fat challenge, participants on the high-protein diet had an attenuated increase in ApoB-48 concentration (∼85% less than the increase in subjects on the low-protein diet). There was no difference in insulin sensitivity or weight between the groups (90). Notably, the low-protein group had a higher carbohydrate intake, and therefore whether the effect on chylomicron concentration was causally linked to differing protein intake alone is not known.…”

“…Mamo et al (90) compared the effects of six weeks' consumption of two isocaloric diets in mildly hypertriglyceridemic men; one diet was high in protein in the form of lean red meat, and the other had lower protein content. Following a fat challenge, participants on the high-protein diet had an attenuated increase in ApoB-48 concentration (∼85% less than the increase in subjects on the low-protein diet).…”

Differential effects of protein quality on postprandial lipemia in response to a fat-rich meal in type 2 diabetes: comparison of whey, casein, gluten, and cod protein

“…Information about the influence of dietary protein on postprandial lipemia is, however, scarce. In nondiabetic subjects, it has been shown that casein reduces postprandial lipemia to a fatty meal (19) and that daily moderate consumption of a protein-enriched diet with lean red meat attenuates postprandial chylomicronemia (20). However, no information exists on the effect of protein on postprandial lipemia in type 2 diabetes.…”

Postprandial dysmetabolism: Too early or too late?

“…134 Similarly, hypertriglyceridemic individuals who consume a low protein diet appear to develop an exaggerated postprandial chylomicron response, as indicated by increased postprandial ApoB48. 135 Exercise and concomitant weight loss also have an important role in the management of postprandial dysmetabolism. The American Diabetes Association Guidelines recommend a target of 7% weight loss and increase of their moderate-intensity physical activity to at least 150 min/week.…”