A MACA-based MAC protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Lin, Wen; Cheng, En; Yuan, Fei

doi:10.4304/jcm.6.2.179-184

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There are a few MACA-based protocols already proposed in the literature for underwater acoustic networks. Among them, those described in [2,3] also transmit a single packet after every successful handshake. Due to the long propagation delay and low transmission bit rates, this approach is not efficient under water, as the contention period and handshake durations would be very long.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Maca-Apt

Azad

Casari

Hasan

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the International Conference on Underwater Networks %Systems - WUWNET '14

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In wireless communications, collision is one of the principal sources of energy wastage, which often makes collision avoidance strategies preferred for medium access control (MAC) protocols. In this paper, we propose a collision avoidance-based MAC protocol called MACA-based Adaptive Packet Train (MACA-APT), which has been designed specifically for underwater acoustic networks (UANs). The design explicitly accounts for prominent characteristics of UANs such as long propagation delays and typically high bit error rates. In particular, the former is compensated via the transmission of multiple consecutive packets to multiple different receivers; the latter, instead, is tackled by embedding a cross-layer Stop-&-Wait ARQ scheme within MACA-APT.The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated via simulations and compared to another MAC protocol, also based on MACA, showing that MACA-APT achieves better performance for low to intermediate packet generation rates, and equivalent performance at higher rates. Moreover, we assess the impact of the packet train size on the performance of either protocol. This result is a first step towards the design of adaptive multi-packet multi-receiver MAC protocols for underwater networks.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Request permissions from Permissions@acm.org. WUWNet '14, November 12 -14 2014 handshake [1][2][3]. This choice fits well in terrestrial wireless networks, where a handshake is typically completed within a relatively short time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maca-Apt

Azad

Casari

Hasan

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the International Conference on Underwater Networks %Systems - WUWNET '14

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“…Because interarrival time is the inverse of packet arrival rate and also equals the total of on and off packet duration as ilustrated in Figure 8, therefore : As mentioned before, the packet length is fixed to 4096 bit/packet or 512 bytes/packet and the data rate is 4096 bit/second. Therefore, a node will need 1 second to complete one transmission and it's called On Duration whereas the off duration will be an exponentially distributed random variable with a mean value following Equation (23) [15].…”

Section: = ( ⋅ )/ (21)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Further simulation testing in CoopMAC-U for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Hidayati²,

Wijayanti³

et al. 2023

Jartel

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In order for underwater wireless sensor networks to communicate more efficiently, MAC protocols are needed to control the use of acoustic channels. With the high propagation delay and the limited bandwidth available on the acoustic channel, a specially designed MAC protocol is needed for UWASN (Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks). In this research, the adaptation of Cooperative MAC for underwater (CoopMAC-U) will be further studied to test the protocol performance. In the previous research, CoopMAC-U was simulated yet the fairness of the transmission was not simulated and tested. In this research, CoopMAC-U will be studied further and improved. The simulation result shows that the Improved CoopMAC-U protocol produces better-normalized throughput than the initial version of CoopMAC-U. The protocol is also proven that it is backward compatible between conventional mode and cooperative mode. For offered load greater than 0.2, both the initial version of CoopMAC-U and the Improved CoopMAC-U result in stagnant normalized throughputs but the improved ones double the value of the initial version.

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“…The enhancement made in [ 16 ] is in the simultaneous formation of the packet train for multiple neighboring nodes and in relaxing the synchronization requirement. The work in [ 17 ] presents an asynchronous random access MAC called the MACA-DT (short for MACA for Delay Tolerant) protocol. The protocol utilizes a typical MACA handshaking-based approach in addition to using adaptive silent time and simultaneous handshake technique to overcome the low throughput and the long end-to-end delay problems of typical handshaking-based protocols.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive OFDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

Khalil

Gadallah

Hayajneh

et al. 2012

Sensors

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Underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UAWSNs) have many applications across various civilian and military domains. However, they suffer from the limited available bandwidth of acoustic signals and harsh underwater conditions. In this work, we present an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based Media Access Control (MAC) protocol that is configurable to suit the operating requirements of the underwater sensor network. The protocol has three modes of operation, namely random, equal opportunity and energy-conscious modes of operation. Our MAC design approach exploits the multi-path characteristics of a fading acoustic channel to convert it into parallel independent acoustic sub-channels that undergo flat fading. Communication between node pairs within the network is done using subsets of these sub-channels, depending on the configurations of the active mode of operation. Thus, the available limited bandwidth gets fully utilized while completely avoiding interference. We derive the mathematical model for optimal power loading and subcarrier selection, which is used as basis for all modes of operation of the protocol. We also conduct many simulation experiments to evaluate and compare our protocol with other Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-based MAC protocols.

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A MACA-based MAC protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Maca-Apt

Maca-Apt

Further simulation testing in CoopMAC-U for underwater acoustic sensor networks

An Adaptive OFDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

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